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From 2019 through 2021, many American state and city governments passed laws restricting the use of facial recognition software in crime prevention.
从2019年到2021年，美国许多州和市政府通过了在犯罪预防中限制使用人脸识别软件的法律。
Facial recognition is a way of using software to identify an individual by matching their face to a database of images.
人脸识别是一种利用软件将人脸与图像数据库进行匹配来识别人的方法。
Studies at the time found the technology less successful at correctly identifying Black people than white people.
当时的研究发现，这项技术识别黑人的准确率比白人低。
So, under pressure from social justice organizations, many states put restrictions in place.
因此，在社会正义组织的压力下，许多州出台了限制措施。
Now, local governments across the United States are starting to use facial recognition software again.
如今，美国各地的地方政府开始再次使用人脸识别软件。
The move comes as crime in the country has increased.
此举正值该国犯罪率上升之际。
At the same time, software companies say the technology has improved and no longer incorrectly recognizes Black people.
与此同时，软件公司表示，这项技术已经得到了改进，不会再认错黑人。
In the coming months, the states of Virginia and California will permit local police to use the recognition programs.
在接下来的几个月里，弗吉尼亚州和加利福尼亚州将允许当地警察使用这种识别程序。
Before this year, Vermont did not permit the software, but now officers can use the systems in cases of child sexual abuse.
在今年之前，佛蒙特州不允许使用该软件，但现在警察可以在儿童性虐待案件中使用该系统。
In New Orleans, Louisiana, murder reports rose 67 percent over the last two years compared with the previous two.
在路易斯安那州新奥尔良市，与前两年相比，过去两年的谋杀案报道上升了67%。
And police in the southern city are set to start using the technology later this month.
这座南部城市的警察将于本月下旬开始使用这项技术。
The leader of the New Orleans police department is Shaun Ferguson.
新奥尔良市的警察局长是肖恩·弗格森。
He said the "technology is needed to solve these crimes and to hold individuals accountable."
他说，“警察需要这项技术来解决这些犯罪行为并追究个人责任。”
Ongoing research by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has shown facial recognition technology is getting better.
美国国家标准与技术研究院正在进行的研究表明，人脸识别技术会变得越来越好。
And testing from the Department of Homeland Security found the software is better at recognizing people of all skin colors.
美国国土安全部的测试发现，该软件在识别各种肤色的人方面表现得更好。
But not all government agencies are certain about the improvements.
但并不是所有的政府机构都对这些改善情况有信心。
The General Services Administration reviews companies that want to work for the U.S. government.
联邦总务署审查那些想要为美国政府工作的公司。
It recently said the tools do not work well enough when studying African Americans.
联邦总务署最近表示，在研究非裔美国人时，这些工具的效果不够好。
In addition, the U.S. government is forming a group to study facial recognition and its use in police work.
此外，美国政府正在组建一个小组来研究人脸识别及其在警察工作中的使用。
Jake Parker works for the Security Industry Association, a trade group that represents software companies.
杰克·帕克就职于安全行业协会，这是一个维护软件公司利益的商业组织。
He said there is a "growing interest" in the technology if it is used in "a nondiscriminatory way that benefits communities."
他说，如果这项技术以“一种造福社区的非歧视性的方式使用”，人们对它的兴趣就会越来越大。
One company that makes the software is Clearview AI.
Clearview AI是开发该软件的公司之一。
It recently settled a legal action brought by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
它最近解决了美国公民自由联盟提起的一项法律诉讼。
The ACLU said Clearview violated the privacy of billions of people by collecting photos and information taken from social media without permission.
美国公民自由联盟表示，Clearview未经许可从社交媒体上收集照片和信息，侵犯了数十亿人的隐私。
Clearview, which helps police find matches in its social media database, said it welcomes "any regulation that helps society … while limiting potential downsides."
Clearview帮助警察在其社交媒体数据库中找到匹配数据。该公司表示，它欢迎“任何有利于社会……同时又限制潜在不利因素的法规”。
Starting on July 1, police in Virginia will be able to use facial recognition tools that have 98 percent or higher accuracy based on the NIST test.
从7月1日开始，弗吉尼亚州的警察将能够使用基于美国国家标准与技术研究院测试的具有98%或更高准确率的脸部识别工具。
The software could be used with some controls.
该软件可以与一些控件一起使用。
For example, it cannot be used with live video.
例如，它不能与实时视频一起使用。
That means police can only review images that have already been gathered.
这意味着警察只能查看已经收集到的图像。
Parker, from the Security Industry Association, said the state is the first in the nation to require the software first be approved for use by a U.S. government agency.
来自安全行业协会的帕克说，该州是美国第一个要求该软件在获得美国政府机构批准后才能使用的州。
New York City Mayor Eric Adams is a former member of the city police department.
纽约市市长埃里克·亚当斯曾是纽约市警察局的警察。
He said facial recognition software could be used safely under existing rules.
他说，在现有规则下，脸部识别软件可以安全使用。
Other states, such as Washington, are putting rules in place that require police departments to show that the software works under the same conditions as it will be used in day-to-day life.
华盛顿州等州正在制定规则，要求警察部门证明该软件在与其日常使用相同的条件下运行。
In California, the use of facial recognition with body cameras may come back on January 1, 2023.
加利福尼亚州可能会在2023年1月1日重新开始使用脸部识别与执法记录仪。
Jennifer Jones is a lawyer for the ACLU in Northern California.
詹妮弗·琼斯是北加州美国公民自由联盟的律师。
She said news reports about crime are permitting police departments to re-start conversations about the software.
她说，有关犯罪的新闻报道允许警察部门重新开始有关该软件的话题。
"Police departments are exploiting people's fears" about crime in order to gain more power, she said, adding that new technology is "pushed in moments of crisis."
她说，“警察部门正在利用人们对犯罪的恐惧”来获得更多权力，她还说，新技术是“在危机时刻被推动的”。
I'm Dan Friedell.
丹·弗里德尔为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
