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An ancient Greek philosopher named Epicurus believed that we don't need all these extravagant pleasures to be happy.
古希腊哲学家伊壁鸠鲁认为，我们不需要所有这些奢侈的享受才能获得幸福。
Expensive luxurious vacations to distant places, accumulating an excessive amount of money and possessions, or acquiring power through politics will not lead us to satisfaction in the long run.
去遥远的地方度过昂贵的豪华假期、积累过多的金钱和财产或通过政治获得权力，从长远来看都不会给我们带来满足感。
If anything, such pursuits only make us crave for more and deprive us of time, energy, and, in some cases, our morality.
这些追求只会让我们渴望更多，剥夺我们的时间、精力，在某些情况下，甚至剥夺我们的道德。
Epicurus himself chose a simple life, enjoying weak wine, bread, and cheese, and discussing philosophy with friends.
伊壁鸠鲁自己选择了简单的生活，享受淡酒、面包和奶酪，与朋友讨论哲学。
The video 'Why Letting Go is True Wealth' attempted to define a philosophical outlook on minimalism. People use the word 'minimalism' in different contexts.
视频“为什么放手才是真正的财富”试图定义对极简主义的哲学观点。人们在不同的语境中使用“极简主义”一词。
In music, it's a style characterized by simplicity. There's minimalistic art that uses only simple and abstract forms.
在音乐中，它是一种以简单为特征的风格。有一种极简主义艺术只使用简单和抽象的形式。
And recently, there's been a surge in people adopting minimalism as a lifestyle by minimizing their possessions to get rid of unnecessary clutter.
最近，越来越多的人开始将极简主义作为一种生活方式，通过减少个人拥有的物品数量来摆脱不必要的杂物。
These forms of minimalism seem to have one common denominator: they use the minimal to achieve a goal, whether it's a nice piece of music or art or a pleasant living environment.
这些极简主义形式似乎有一个共同点：他们用极简主义来实现目标，无论是一首好听的音乐或一件精美的艺术品，还是一个宜人的生活环境。
But could we apply this principle to our overall well-being as well? How can we live happy, prosperous lives without breaking the bank?
但我们能否将这一原则应用于我们的整体幸福感？我们如何才能过上幸福、富足的生活而不花光积蓄？
How can we be satisfied without cost? How can we be wealthy with only the bare minimum? Several philosophers of the past shed their light on questions like these.
我们如何才能不付出任何代价就感到满足？我们如何才能只用最低限度的东西就变得富有？过去的几位哲学家对这些问题进行了阐述。
This video explores different views on wealth, desire, and pleasure and how being 'rich' can be pretty cheap.
这段视频探讨了对财富、欲望和快乐的不同看法，以及“富有”为什么可以相当便宜。
Having lots of money and material possessions doesn't necessarily make someone rich.
拥有大量的金钱和物质财富并不一定使人富有。
Often, but not always, wealthy people crave to accumulate more while being afraid of losing what they have.
富人往往（但并非总是）渴望积累更多，同时又害怕失去他们所拥有的东西。
They live with stress, mistrust of others, and, sometimes, are entirely isolated from the masses who aren't financially well off.
他们生活在压力之下，不信任他人，有时甚至与经济条件不佳的大众完全隔绝。
These people may successfully accumulate material wealth, but, in many cases, this doesn't happen without significant sacrifice.
这些人可能成功积累了物质财富，但在许多情况下，这并非没有重大牺牲。
For example, someone working eighty hours a week hardly has time to relax, and there's only a little time left to spend with family and friends, the latter Epicurus believed to be one of the essential sources of wellbeing.
例如，每周工作80小时的人几乎没有时间放松，只有很少的时间与家人和朋友共度时光，而伊壁鸠鲁认为后者是幸福的重要来源之一。
Moreover, according to a study in the American Journal of Industrial Medicine, consistently working more than 40 hours a week is detrimental to our health, as the risk of coronary heart disease increases significantly.
此外，根据《美国工业医学杂志》的一项研究，每周持续工作超过40小时对健康有害，因为患冠心病的风险会显著增加。
Another study, published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, found that working more than 45 hours a week (for at least ten years) was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
发表在《职业与环境医学杂志》上的另一项研究发现，每周工作超过45小时（至少十年）与心血管疾病风险增加有关。
Of course, not all rich people overwork, and not all people who overwork are rich. But there's a correlation.
当然，并非所有富人都过劳，也并非所有过劳的人都是富人。但这两者之间存在相关性。
A book named The Way of Chuang Tzu written by Thomas Merton contains a series of the author's own versions of Zhuangzi's classic sayings.
托马斯·默顿所著的《庄子之道》一书中收录了一系列作者本人版本的庄子经典名言。
The Taoist philosopher observed how the world values "money, reputation, long life, and achievement."
这位道家哲学家观察到，世人如何看重“金钱、名誉、长寿和成就”。
The world condemns "lack of money, a low social rank, a reputation of being no good, and an early death." More than two millennia later, nothing has changed.
世人谴责“缺钱、社会地位低下、名声不好和早逝”。两千多年过去了，什么都没有改变。
As Zhuangzi stated back then, people seek things the world values and avoid what it condemns. And if they're deprived of what they seek, they experience panic and despair.
正如庄子当时所说，人们寻求世人看重的东西，避免世人谴责的东西。如果他们被剥夺了所寻求的东西，他们就会感到恐慌和绝望。
I quote: They are so concerned for their life that their anxiety makes life unbearable, even when they have the things they think they want.
他们如此关心自己的生命，以至于他们的焦虑让生活难以忍受，即使他们拥有了他们认为想要的东西。
Their very concern for enjoyment makes them unhappy. The rich make life intolerable, driving themselves in order to get more and more money which they cannot really use.
他们对享受的关注让他们不快乐。富人让生活变得无法忍受，他们驱使自己去赚取越来越多的钱，而这些钱他们实际上并不需要。
In doing so, they are alienated from themselves, and exhaust themselves in their own service as though they were slaves of others. End quote.
这样一来，他们就与自己疏远了，在为自己服务的过程中精疲力竭，仿佛他们是他人的奴隶。
And so, there seem to be significant downsides to the concept of working hard to play hard. Is the playing worth the work?
努力工作尽情玩乐的概念似乎存在重大弊端。玩乐值得付出努力吗？
And if not, and we choose not to chase what the world values, are we then condemned to a life of misery?
如果不值得，而我们选择不去追求世界所珍视的东西，那么我们是否注定要过上痛苦的生活？
Or can we perhaps find cheaper pleasures that provide the same satisfaction?
或者我们能否找到提供同样满足感的更便宜的乐趣？
Some people would argue that the American transcendentalist philosopher Henry David Thoreau was a minimalist.
有些人认为美国超验主义哲学家亨利·戴维·梭罗是一个极简主义者。
He lived at Walden pond in a small cabin for two years, with only the necessities, like a bed, a desk, a table, and a few chairs.
他在瓦尔登湖边的一间小木屋里住了两年，只有床、书桌、桌子和几把椅子等必需品。
He wrote down his experiences during his stay, later published in a book named Walden.
他写下了这段经历，后来出版了一本名为《瓦尔登湖》的书。
On March 11th, 1856, Thoreau described in his journal a contempt for wealth and traveling compared to the simple life and the streams, woods, and natural phenomena he encounters in his own village.
1856年3月11日，梭罗在日记中描述了他对财富和旅行的蔑视，相比之下，他更喜欢简单的生活，以及自己村庄里遇到的溪流、树林和自然现象。
He figured that if he'd let himself get used to luxury, distant travel, or the tastes of fine wine or brandy, then those things become more and more to him, and the simple things less and less.
他认为，如果自己习惯了奢侈、远距离旅行，或者品尝上等葡萄酒或白兰地，那么这些东西对他来说就会越来越重要，而简单的东西就会越来越少。
He'd need expensive pleasure to satisfy his needs. As an example, he stated that exchanging the city of Paris for his native village would be a "wretched bargain."
他需要昂贵的享乐来满足自己的需求。例如，他说用巴黎城换他的家乡村庄是一笔“糟糕的交易”。
And yes: the hassle and the increased cost of living are consequences of developing a taste for things beyond our necessities.
是的：麻烦和生活成本的增加是我们培养对必需品以外事物的品味的结果。
The easily accessible enjoyments may then move to the background and may be considered uninteresting, boring, and insufficient to satisfy our needs.
然后，容易获得的享受可能会被移到背景中，可能被认为是无趣、无聊和不足以满足我们的需求。
We got ourselves 'hooked' on expensive pleasures, which also come with higher prices.
我们“沉迷于”昂贵的享乐，而这些享乐也伴随着更高的价格。
