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So why is it now that conservatives are really coming out and taking it as political oppression or, you know, really seeing this as an attack on free speech?
为什么现在保守派站出来，将其视为政治压迫，将其视为对言论自由的攻击?
So, in the relatively early days of the Internet, content moderation was not really seen as a political issue.
在互联网相对早期的时期，内容审查并不会被视为一个政治问题。
It was something that was left up to each little website or blog or discussion forum or LISTSERV.
这是留给每个小网站、博客、讨论论坛或LISTSERV自行决定的事情。
There was actually a 1996 law called the Communications Decency Act, and there was a section of it called Section 230 that gave online platforms immunity for what their users post.
事实上，1996年有一部法律叫做《通信规范法案》，其中有一节名为“第230条”，规定在线平台对其用户发布的内容享有豁免权。
So if I run a website, I can't be sued for what you come and post on my website, in most cases.
如果我经营一个网站，在大多数情况下，我不会因为你在我的网站上发布的内容而被起诉。
That put the power in the hands of the websites, the online platforms, and at the time, they were mostly small.
这就把权力交给了网站和在线平台，在当时，它们大多规模很小。
Again, these were the insurgents.
再说一次，这些人就是叛乱分子。
These were the disruptive little guys going against the big media gatekeepers.
这些引起混乱的小人物与大媒体看门人对抗。
And so the Internet was really seen by both left and right as a haven for free speech.
左派和右派都将互联网视为言论自由的天堂。
You could get on there and say stuff or hear stuff or learn stuff that you could not get on your evening news broadcast or even on cable news at the time.
你可以在互联网上说一些东西，听一些东西，学习一些东西，这些东西是你在晚间新闻广播甚至有线新闻中无法获得的。
Now, it stayed relatively uncontroversial maybe for about 10 years or so, but as some of these platforms started to get really big and global, it started to become clear that it really mattered what their rules were.
现在，在线平台可能在大约10年左右的时间里相对没有那么多争论，但随着其中一些平台开始变得越来越大，越来越全球化，平台开始清楚地认识到，它们的规则真的很重要。
So, like, back in 2006, Saddam Hussein was hanged in Iraq by the fledgling Iraqi government.
比如，回到2006年，萨达姆·侯赛因在伊拉克被新生的伊拉克政府绞死。
Somebody posted a grainy amateur video of that to YouTube.
有人把这段模糊的业余水准的视频发到YouTube上了。
Now, until that point, there had only been the official media reports of the hanging, and they had -- No Westerners were allowed in.
在那之前，只有官方媒体报道的绞刑，不允许西方人接触。
No media were allowed in. We didn't have a good picture of what had happened.
不允许媒体接触。我们对所发生的事情没有清楚的了解。
Now this amateur video was on YouTube, and this website, this brand-new website, had to decide, "Oh, well, do we let people see that? Are we going to let people see the hanging of Saddam Hussein or are we going to take it down because we have a rule against depicting graphic violence?"
这个业余水准的视频曾发布在了YouTube上，这个全新的网站，不得不决定，“我们要让人们看到这个视频吗?我们是要让人们看到萨达姆·侯赛因被绞死，还是要把这个视频下架，因为我们有规定禁止描绘暴力画面?”
They decided it was newsworthy and they would leave it up.
他们认为这是有新闻价值的，他们就会让平台决定。
And that sort of foreshadowed these types of thorny decisions that these big, influential platforms would face again and again in the years to come.
这预示着这些有影响力的大型平台在未来几年里将一次又一次地面临这些棘手的决定。
Some of the decisions started to become more politically controversial in the mid-2010s.
其中一些决定在2010年代中期开始变得更具政治争议。
So, you had Gamergate, which started in 2014, which was this movement of mostly young, mostly male gamers who were angry about what they saw as a sort of progressive social-justice-warrior agenda in the gaming media.
Gamergate事件始于2014年的，这是一场以年轻男性玩家为主的运动，他们对游戏媒体中进步的社会正义战士议程感到愤怒。
And they started attacking women who were in the video-game industry, women who were in the gaming media online.
他们开始攻击那些从事视频游戏行业的女性，那些在线游戏媒体的女性。
They started doing coordinated attacks, threatening them, doing swatting attacks, where you call the authorities and have people show up at somebody's home with guns drawn.
他们开始配合攻击，进行威胁，对她们实施猛击，打电话给当局，让他们拔枪出现在某人的家里。
