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Causes
原因
1.Curvature
1.曲率性
Curvature of cornea or lens is flatter than normal.
角膜或晶状体的曲率比正常情况要平。
2.Axial
2.轴性
Short axial length of eye.
眼轴长度短。
3.Index
3.指数性
Decrease in refractive index i.e. light bending/focusing power of the lens e.g. in cortical cataract.
折射率降低，即晶状体的光弯曲/聚焦能力降低，例如皮质性白内障。
4.Positional
4.位置
Posterior displacement of lens e.g. after trauma.
晶状体后移如经历创伤之后。
5.Aphakia
5.无晶状体
Absence of lens in eye, therefore eye cannot focus light rays on retina.
眼中没有晶状体，因此眼睛不能将光线聚焦在视网膜上。
Types
类型
1.Total hyperopia
1.总远视
It is the total refractive error calculated after complete cycloplegia, intraocular muscle paralysis, induced by certain drops.
它是某些滴眼液引起的完全睫状肌麻痹后计算的总屈光不正数。
2.Latent hyperopia
2.隐性远视
Amount of hyperopia corrected by the focusing power produced due to normal tone of intraocular (ciliary) muscles.
由眼内(睫状肌)正常张力产生的聚焦力可矫正的远视数量。
It is usually 1 diopter.
通常是1屈光度。
3.Manifest hyperopia
3.显性远视
It is the remaining portion of hyperopia, divided into:
它是远视的剩余情况，分为：
- Facultative Amount of hyperopia corrected by the focusing power produced due to active contraction of cilliary muscles.
条件远视，由睫状肌主动收缩产生的聚焦力矫正的远视量。
- Absolute Amount of hyperopia that cannot be corrected even by contraction of cilliary muscles.
-绝对远视，即使通过睫状肌的收缩也不能矫正的远视量。
Clinical Features
临床表现
Symptoms
症状
Eye straining or discomfort, asthenopia, including : eye tiredness, pain, headache or mild photophobia.
眼睛紧张或不适、视疲劳，包括：眼疲劳、疼痛、头痛或轻度畏光。
Blurred vision with eye straining: when muscle contraction attempts but fails to correct hyperopia.
视力模糊，眼睛疲劳：肌肉收缩试图矫正远视但失败。
Blurred vision only: when refractive error is high and cannot be corrected at all by muscle contraction efforts.
仅视力模糊：屈光不正较高，且根本不能通过肌肉收缩来矫正。
Inward deviation of eye, convergent squint.
眼睛向内偏斜，会聚斜视。
Normal patients required to move their eyes inwards while focusing near objects.
正常的患者在聚焦近处物体时需要将眼睛向内移动。
This is enhanced in hyperopic patients, causing their eye to move inwards intermittently or constantly.
这种现象在远视患者中会增强，导致他们的眼睛间歇性或持续地向内移动。
Signs
体征
Small eye ball, corneal diameter may be small.
体征眼球小，角膜直径可能较小。
Retinal exam might show false changes due to distortion of image when hyperopia exceeds 5 diopters.
当远视度数超过5屈光度时，视网膜检查可能会出现图像失真的假性改变。
