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Nasal Cavity is divided into two by nasal septum.
鼻腔被鼻中隔分为两部分。
Problems arise when it is not dividing it symmetrically, leading to a condition known as DNS or Deviated Nasal Septum.
当鼻中隔没有对称地分割鼻腔时，就会出现问题，导致一种被称为DNS或鼻中隔偏曲的疾病。
Causes of DNS.
导致鼻中隔偏曲的原因。
There are 4 important causes.
有4个主要原因。
Number one is trauma.
第一个原因是创伤。
Any abnormal pressure applied to nasal septum, results in its deviation to one side or another.
任何对鼻中隔施加的不正常压力，都会导致鼻中隔向一侧或另一侧偏移。
Example: being hit by a boxer on the nose.
例如：被拳击手击中鼻子。
Number two is developmental or abnormalities acquired during the formation of nasal septum.
第二个原因与发育有关，即在鼻中隔形成过程中发育异常。
Example: palate forms the base of nasal septum, if palate is high arched,then automatically, nasal septum deviation will occur.
例：上颚是鼻中隔的基部，如果上颚呈高拱形，那么自然就会发生鼻中隔偏曲。
Number three is racial.
第三个原因与种族有关。
Some races like Caucasians have more incidence of DNS.
一些种族，如高加索人，DNS的发病率更高。
Number four is hereditary.
第四个原因是遗传。
Some families have more incidence of DNS.
部分家庭DNS发病率较高。
Types of DNS.
DNS的类型。
1.Anterior dislocation: The nasal septum is dislocated into one of the nasal chambers.
1.前脱位：鼻中隔脱位进入其中一个鼻腔。
2.C-Shaped dislocation: Septum is deviated in a simple curve to one side.
2.C型脱位：鼻中隔向一侧简单弯曲。
Compensatory hypertrophy of Turbinates occur in other side.
另一侧出现鼻甲的代偿性肥厚。
3.S-shaped Deformity: Nasal septum shows S-shaped deformity.
3.S形畸形：鼻中隔呈S形畸形。
This results in bilateral nasal obstruction.
这会导致双侧鼻塞。
4.Spurs: Shelf like projection.
4.嵴突：架状突起。
It touches lateral wall and may give rise to headaches.
它会接触到侧壁，可能引起头痛。
Clinical Features of DNS.
DNS的临床特征。
Clinical Features of DNS can be simply remembered using the mnemonic: NASEEM has DNS.
使用助记符可以简单地记住DNS的临床特征：NASEEM有DNS。
N is for Nasal obstruction: Naturally, any deviation in nasal septumcauses less nasal space and results in nasal obstructionon the side of DNS.
N代表鼻塞：鼻中隔的任何偏斜自然都会导致鼻腔空间变小，并导致DNS一侧的鼻塞。
A is for Anosmia: Patient is unable to smell.
A代表嗅觉障碍：患者闻不到气味。
As there is failure of inspired air to reach the olfactory region.
因为吸入的空气无法到达嗅觉区域。
Loss of smell may be partial or total.
嗅觉丧失可能是部分，也可能是全部的。
S is for Sinusitis: since all sinuses have only one opening and that is in the lateral wall of nose, DNS causes obstruction of these openings due to nasal obstruction.
S代表鼻窦炎：因为所有的鼻窦只有一个开口，而且这个开口在鼻子的侧壁，所以DNS会因为鼻塞而阻塞这些开口。
E is for epistaxis.
E代表鼻出血。
E is for External deformity, particularly in young females or males who are more conscious of this.
E代表外在畸形，尤其是年轻的女性或男性，他们更能意识到这一点。
M is for middle ear infection: DNS also predisposes to middle ear infection because Eustachian tube, which is the only drainage source of middle ear, opens in nasopharynx, and DNS can cause its obstruction and resulting in middle ear infections.
M代表中耳感染：DNS也容易导致中耳感染，因为耳咽管是中耳唯一的引流源，开口位于鼻咽部，DNS可导致其阻塞，导致中耳感染。
Treatment.
治疗方法。
Minor cases of DNS require no treatment.
轻微的DNS不需要治疗。
If the symptoms are severe, then on reaching the age of 17, we can opt for septoplasty, in which the most deviated parts of nasal septumare removed and the rest of septum is corrected and repositioned using plastic means.
如果症状严重，那么在达到17岁时，我们可以选择进行鼻中隔成形术，即切除鼻中隔最偏斜的部分，然后用整形方法矫正和复位鼻中隔的其余部分。
A more radical form of this operation is submucous resection in which mucoperichondrial and mucoperiosteal flaps overlying one side of the septum are lifted.
一种更为彻底的手术形式是粘膜下切除术，即取下鼻中隔侧边上的黏骨膜瓣。
Most of the septum is removed and flaps repositioned.
切除大部分的鼻中隔，然后重新放置膜瓣。
