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TONSILLITIS AND TONSILLECTOMY
扁桃体和扁桃体切除术
What is Tonsillitis and Tonsillectomy?
什么是扁桃体炎和扁桃体切除术？
TONSILLITIS AND TONSILLECTOMY
扁桃体和扁桃体切除术
When a person opens his mouth, there are a lot of things you can see.
当一个人张开嘴时，你可以看到很多东西。
One of the most important organs that helps fight off infections are among them, also known as tonsils.
帮助对抗感染的最重要的器官之一就是扁桃体。
Tonsils are often overlooked when you open your mouth.
当你张开嘴时，扁桃体经常被忽略。
This is because they're often small and hidden between the two arches.
这是因为它们通常很小，隐藏在两个拱门之间。
These tonsils are known as palatine tonsils due to their location near the palate or the roof of the mouth.
这些扁桃体被称为腭扁桃体，因为它们位于上腭或上颚附近。
How Tonsils Fight off Infection?
扁桃体是如何对抗感染的？
The tonsils act like entry point from the throat, picking up virus and bacteria particles which are breathed in or swallowed and relaying this to the immune system.
扁桃体的作用就像咽喉的入口，将吸入或吞咽的病毒和细菌颗粒吸入并传递给免疫系统。
To help with this role, the surfaces of the tonsils are pitted with a number of little recesses, also called tonsil crypts.
为了帮助发挥这一作用，扁桃体表面有许多小凹陷，也被称为扁桃体隐窝。
This increases surface area of the tonsils, relaying more viruses or bacteria to the immune system.
这样增加了扁桃体的表面积，可以将更多病毒或细菌传递给免疫系统。
How Tonsils Get Infected?
扁桃体是如何感染的？
Tonsils can also become clogged with bacteria and food particleswhich can lead to problems.
扁桃体也会被细菌和食物颗粒堵塞，从而导致问题。
When this happens, the tonsil itself becomes infected and starts to get swollen due to inflammation because of infection, leading to condition known as tonsillitis or inflammation of the tonsils.
当这种情况发生时，扁桃体本身会受到感染，并开始因感染引起的炎症而肿胀，从而导致扁桃体炎或扁桃体发炎。
Because the tonsils are always trapping bacteria, they can become infected quite commonly, especially in children, leading to condition known as recurrent acute tonsillitis.
因为扁桃体总是捕获细菌，所以它们很容易受到感染，特别是儿童，导致反复发作的扁桃体炎。
Signs and Symptoms of Tonsillitis.
扁桃体炎的体征和症状。
The main symptom of tonsillitis is sore throat, but since the throat and ears share the same nerves, the pain is often felt in the ears too.
扁桃体炎的主要症状是喉咙痛，但因为喉咙和耳朵共用同一神经，所以耳朵也经常感觉到疼痛。
This process is known as referred pain.
这个过程被称为牵涉性疼痛。
The pain is usually worse when swallowing, also known as Odynophagia.
吞咽时疼痛通常更严重，也称为吞咽痛。
Very young children may not complain of a sore throat, but may simply refuse to eat.
非常小的孩子可能不会抱怨喉咙痛，但可能会直接拒绝进食。
In addition, you may also have a cough, fever due to infection, head ache, feel sick, feel tired, and swollen and tender glands (lymph nodes), on the side of the neck, as well as bad breath.
此外，您可能还会咳嗽，因感染而发烧，头痛，恶心，疲倦，颈部一侧的腺体（淋巴结）肿胀压痛，以及口臭。
How Tonsillitis is Diagnosed?
扁桃体炎如何诊断？
Diagnosis is based on the physical examination of your throat.
扁桃体炎的诊断是基于对喉咙的检查。
Your doctor may also take a throat culture by gently swabbing the back of your throat.
你的医生也可以通过轻轻擦拭你的喉咙后部来做喉头拭子培养。
The culture will be sent to a laboratory to identify the bacteria causing the throat infection.
培养物将被送往实验室，鉴定引起咽喉感染的细菌。
Treatment for Tonsillitis.
扁桃体炎的治疗。
A mild case of tonsillitis does not necessarily require treatment, especially if a virus, such as cold, causes it.
轻微的扁桃体炎并不需要治疗，特别是感冒引起的扁桃体炎。
Good rest and remaining well hydrated are treatment of choice in such cases.
在这种情况下，良好的睡眠和保持充足的水分是首选的治疗方法。
Painkiller medicines can be added to relief the throat pain.
可以加止痛药来缓解喉咙痛。
Treatment for more severe cases of tonsillitis may include antibiotics or tonsillectomy.
对更严重的扁桃体炎的治疗可能需要抗生素或扁桃体切除术。
Antibiotics will be prescribed to fight the bacterial infection.
医生会开抗生素来对抗细菌感染。
It's important you complete the full course of antibiotics.
完成抗生素的整个疗程很重要。
Tonsillectomy is the surgical removal of tonsils to permanently end the problem of tonsillitis.
扁桃体切除术是通过手术切除扁桃体，以永久结束扁桃体炎的问题。
Criteria for Tonsillectomy- At least 7 episodes in the previous year- At least 5 episodes in each of the previous two years or at least 3 episodes in each of the previous three years.
扁桃体切除术的标准，切除前一年至少发炎7次，前两年每年至少发炎5次，前三年每年至少发炎3次。
How Tonsillectomy is Done?
扁桃体切除术是如何完成的？
Dissection and snare method
圈套法
There are multiple methods to do tonsillectomy.
扁桃体切除术的方法有多种。
One of the most commonly used is dissection and snare method.
最常用的方法之一是圈套法。
Steps of Dissection and Snare Method:
圈套法的步骤：
1.Patient is placed in rose position.
1.病人处于罗斯氏卧位（垂头仰卧体位） 。
2.Boyle-Davis mouth gag is introduced and opened. It is held in place by Draffin's, bipods or string over pulley.
2. 波-戴二氏开口器被放进去并打开。由德拉芬的双脚架或滑轮上的线固定在适当的位置。
3.Tonsil is grasped with forceps and pulled medially; incision made in the mucous membrane.
3. 用手术钳抓住扁桃体并向内侧拉；粘膜上出现切口。
4.A blunt-curved scissor may be used to dissect the tonsil from the peritonsilar tissue and separate its upper pole.
4. 可以用钝弧形剪刀将扁桃体从扁桃体周围组织中分离出来，并向上，将扁桃体上极游离。
5.Tonsil is held at its upper pole and traction applied downwards and medially or scissor until lower pole is reached.
5. 然后用扁桃体钳夹持扁桃体上极，再以剥离器由上向下将扁桃体在其被膜外下周围组织分离，直至其下极。
6.Wire loop of tonsilar snareis threaded over the tonsil onto its pedicle, tightened.
6. 扁桃体圈套器的钢丝套住扁桃体，固定在椎弓根上。
7.Pedicle is cut and the tonsil removed.
7. 绞断扁桃体下极根蒂部分，将扁桃体完整切除下来。
8.A gauze sponge is placed in the fossa and pressure applied for a few minutes.
8. 用大棉球压迫扁桃体窝几分钟进行止血。
9.Bleeding points are tied with silk.
9. 如有血管出血，给予结扎
Procedure is repeated on the other side.
用同法切除对侧扁桃体。
