评论
打印
All right. Next: 'maximize' and 'minimize'. So, if you have a business, you want to maximize your profits and minimize your costs.
好了。下一组：‘最大化’和‘最小化’。如果你是做生意的，那么你就想将利润最大化，将成本最小化。
What does that mean? You want your profits to be as much as possible, and you want your costs to be as little as possible. Okay? As low as possible.
这意味着，你想让自己的利润尽可能的多，成本尽可能的少。
So, you want to maximize, means make the most of something; and minimize, make the least of something. Okay?
所以‘maximize’，指的是最大化，‘minimize’，指的是最小化。
For example, you want to maximize your happiness and minimize your suffering in life. Okay? For example. All right.
例如，你想将幸福最大化，将遭遇最小化。只是举个例子。
Number nine: 'expand' and 'contract'.
第九组：‘扩张’和‘缩小’。
So, when we describe the economy, we could say: 'The economy expanded', means, like, became bigger;
描述经济时，我们说：‘经济扩张了’，指的是变得更大；
or: 'The economy contracted', all right? So, 'to contract' means to become smaller, to shrink;
或者‘经济收缩了’，所以‘contract’指变得更小，缩小了；
'to expand' means to become bigger or become larger. And pay attention to the pronunciation of this word,
‘to expand’指的是变得越来越大。注意这个词的发音，
because when it's a verb, we say: 'to contract'; when it's a noun and we talk about a legal document, that's a 'contract'. A contract.
因为当它做动词时，发音是这样的；最名词时，是这样发音的，指的是‘合同’。
But the verb is 'contract'. In the verb, the stress is on the second syllable: 'contract', okay? All right.
但是动词这样发音。在做动词时，重音在第二个音节处。
Number 10: 'include', 'exclude'. Repeat it after me: 'include', 'exclude'. All right? You got it.
第十组：‘包括’以及‘排除’。跟我读一遍：‘include’，‘exclude’。
So, what does it mean to include somebody? Let's suppose you included somebody in a meeting or you excluded them from the meeting.
所以‘include somebody’是什么意思呢？让我们假设你让某人参加了一个会议，或者你把他们排除在会议之外。
So, 'to include' means to make them part of the group that is present at the meeting,
所以‘include’指的是让他们加入该会议，
and if somebody is excluded from the meeting, they are not part of the meeting;
如果是‘excluded from’即指他们不参加该会议；
they are not invited, they are not supposed to be there, they're purposely left out. Okay?
他们没有被邀请，他们不应该出现在这里，他们应该离开。
Now, this can... You can include a person, you can include an item in your shipment.
你可以将一件物品加入你的货物中。
Is this book included in this shipment, or was it excluded from this shipment? Okay?
这本书是包括在这批货里吗？或者这本书不包括在这批货里吗？
On a bill. Or you could ask in a restaurant: 'Are taxes...? Is sales tax included or is it excluded?' Okay?
账单上，你还可以问服务员：账单包不包括营业税？
So, these are ways that we can use 'include' and 'exclude'. All right? So, here we go.
这些情况都可以使用‘include’和‘exclude’这两个词。
Now, do you think you know these? Let's find out. Let's play a game and find out if you know these words.
大家都掌握这些词汇了吗？让我们来玩个小游戏，看看大家掌握了没有。
Ready? All right. Now, look what's happened - some of these words have disappeared, so you're going to help me to fill in the blanks. All right?
准备好了吗？现在看看一些词消失了，大家来帮我填空。
Here we go. So, number one, there was something and 'decrease'. What's the opposite of 'decrease'?
第一组，‘下降’的反义词是什么？
The word is 'increase'. Good. I'm not going to write it for you again, because you know how to do that and you can check the other board. All right?
这个词就是‘增加’。好的。这个词我就不写出来，因为大家都知道怎么拼写，你们也可以看看另一边黑板，好吗？
Here we go. So, somebody could be 'promoted' - given a higher position, or, do you remember the word? 'Demoted', good.
所以，某人可以‘升职’——获得更高级的职位，你还得它的反义词吗？‘降职’，没错。
Next, a person could be hired and given a job, or a person could be 'fired' or, what was that other word? 'Dismissed'. Good. All right.
下一个，一个人可以被雇佣，获得一份工作，或是可以被‘解雇’，或者还可以用哪个词？‘Dismissed’，没错。
You could 'withdraw' money from the bank, or you could put money in; you could 'deposit' money. Excellent. All right.
你可以从银行‘取’钱，或者把钱放进银行；你可以‘存’钱。很好。
You could decide to 'save' your money or you could decide to 'spend' your money. Good. All right.
你可以决定‘省’钱还是‘花’钱。
So, the bank 'lends' money, and people do what? People... It starts with 'b'. People 'borrow' money. That's it. You got it.
所以银行‘贷款’给你，你可以从银行‘借’钱。
Next, when you 'import' goods into the country, you bring them into the country. What's the opposite of 'import'?
下一个，当你‘进口’商品回国内时，你将它们带入了国内。它的反义词是什么？
The opposite of 'import' is to 'export'. Remember: 'ex', 'exit', 'export'? All right? Sending goods outside the country. Very good.
‘进口’的反义词是‘出口’。还记得‘ex’，‘exit’以及‘export’吗？将商品送出国。很好。
So, as a business, we said you want to 'minimize' your costs - keep your costs as low as possible, and you want to do what to your profits?
在商务界，我们说你想将成本‘最小化’——让成本尽可能的少一些，那么利润呢？
You want to 'maximize' them. Okay? Maximize your profits; minimize your costs. All right. We talked about the economy.
你想将它‘最大化’。将你的利润最大化，将你的成本最小化。好的。我们之前谈论过经济。
We said the economy can 'expand' or it can, what was the word? 'Contract'. Right?
我们说经济可以‘扩张’或者？‘收缩’，对吗？
That was the one where I told you to pay attention to the pronunciation. Right? 'Contract'. Good.
我跟大家说过要注意这个词的发音。
And somebody could be 'excluded' from a meeting, or the person could be, what is it? 'Included'. That's it. You got it. All right?
某人可以被‘撤出’会议，或者被？‘加入’没错。
'Include', 'exclude'; 'expand', 'contract'. What's this one? 'Maximize', 'minimize'; 'import', 'export'; 'borrow', 'lend'; 'save', 'spend';
‘包括’，‘排除’；‘扩张’，‘收缩’。这个呢？‘最大化’，‘最小化’；‘进口’，‘出口’；‘借’，‘贷’；‘省’，‘花费’；
'deposit', 'withdraw'; 'hire', 'fire' or 'dismiss'; 'promote', 'demote'; 'increase', 'decrease'. All right, excellent.
‘存’，‘取’；‘雇佣’，‘解雇’；‘升职’，‘降职’；‘增加’，‘减少’。很好。
In case you didn't know them, you've just learned 20 new words,
大家刚学习了20个新单词，以防大家记不住，
and the best way to really get to know them well is to go right away to www.engvid.com,
大家可以去www.engvid.com加深印象，
go and do the quiz that I've written for you there so that you can really master these words and know them right away.
去做一下我为大家准备的下测试，这样大家才能真正掌握这些单词以及它们的正确用法。
And this way of learning the opposites is an excellent way to increase your vocabulary, whether it's to do with business English or English in general.
以这样的方式学习单词及反义词，可以很好的增加你的词汇量，不管是在商务英语还是日常英语中。
It's a lovely way to have some fun with the language. Okay?
这是一种有趣的学习语言的方式。
You don't have to suffer; you should have as much fun as possible when you learn another language. Okay?
学语言时不必万分痛苦，你应该尽可能享受语言学习的乐趣。
And this is one of those ways. All right. And also, don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel;
而这是其中的一种方法。好了。不要忘记订阅我的频道；
that way you'll continue to get lots of interesting lessons, which I hope will shorten your journey in learning English and in mastering English. Okay?
这样你将继续获取很多有趣的课程，希望能够加快大家掌握英语学习的进程。
Thanks very much for watching. Bye for now.
感谢收看，下期见。
