评论
打印
Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
大家好，欢迎来到英格威英语学习网，我是亚当。
In today's video we're going to look at a bit of grammar/vocab;
在今天的视频中我们要学习一些语法词汇知识；
and more specifically, we're going to look at the prefix "over".
更具体地说，我们要学习前缀“over”。
Now, I made a previous video and I looked at the word "under".
之前的一个视频中我们学习过“under”这个词。
These kind of go together; you don't need to watch one to understand this one;
这两个视频是相配的；你不需要看那个就能理解这个视频；
but if you like this video, then you can watch the other one,
如果你喜欢这个视频，你可以去看另一个视频，
get both sides of the equation as it were - "over" and "under".
它们就是等式的两边——over和under。
So, what we're going to look at is the word "over".
我们来看“over”这个词。
Now, the word "over" is a preposition. Okay?
“over”是个介词。
And it means more than or too much; or more commonly when we're talking about position or location, it's like above.
它的意思是超过或太多；更常见的情况是，当我们谈论位置或位置时，意思和above类似。
So, it's over something; "above" and "over" are a little bit different.
意思是在什么东西上面；above和over有一些不同。
There's a separate video for that as well.
还有一个关于这个的单独的视频。
So, what we're going to look at is what happens when we join the word "over" with another word.
我们今天要学的是，当我们把over和另一个单词连接起来时会发生什么。
In most cases, you can probably guess the meaning just by taking the word "over" and the second word, and understand that they go together.
在大多数情况下，你可能只通过“over”和第二个单词就能猜出它的意思，并理解它们是一起出现的。
For example, "overachieve".
比如“过于努力”。
If you "overachieve" means you're completing or achieving more than what is expected or more than what is standard.
如果你“超额完成”，意思是你完成了或完成了比预期或标准更多的事情。
But sometimes you're going to get words that are joined with "over" that you can't really guess
但有时你会遇到一些与over连在一起的单词，但是你不知道它的意思，
because they don't mean what the two parts mean.
因为它不是这两个词的意思。
For example, "overtake". Now, if you think about "take over" as the phrasal verb, "to take over" means to assume the position of.
例如，“超越”。现在，如果你把take over当做动词短语，to take over的意思是占据...的位置。
So, the... or the company's president is retiring,
公司的总裁要退休了，
and somebody else will take over; somebody else will become the president and take over that position.
其他人将接管；另一个人将成为总裁并接替这个位置。
But "overtake" has a different meaning. If you "overtake" someone, it means you pass them.
但是“overtake”有不同的含义。如果你“overtake”了某人，意思是你超过了他们。
So, for example, if there's a race and somebody's in the lead,
例如，如果有一场比赛，有人领先，
and somebody else comes from behind and overtakes - means they pass them; they take the lead instead.
其他人从后面过来，超过了他们——意思是他们超过了他们；他们取而代之。
So that's what "overtake" means. So, you can't exactly guess by looking at the two words separately.
这就是“overtake”的意思。所以，你不能单独看这两个词来猜。
So we're going to look at a bunch of verbs, and we're going to look at a couple of adjectives and nouns as well.
我们会学习一些动词，也会学习一些形容词和名词。
So, "overcome". So, again, no relation between "take" or "come" to somebody's house, for example.
来看“overcome”。
If you "overcome" something, it means that you are able to successfully get over an obstacle or a difficulty.
如果你“克服”了某事，这意味着你能够成功地克服一个障碍或困难。
So, if you have some trouble, let's say with your English,
所以，如果你在英语方面有困难，
and you watch engVid videos on a regular basis, you will overcome this problem,
如果你经常看英格威的学习视频，你就能克服这个问题，
and you will be a fluent English speaker very soon I hope. Okay?
我希望你很快就能说一口流利的英语。好吧？
So keep working hard and you will overcome this difficulty.
所以继续努力，你会克服这个困难的。
"Overestimate". So, again, we looked at "underestimate"; now we're looking at "overestimate".
“高估”。再说一次，我们学过了“低估”；现在我们要学的是“高估”。
When you think about something in terms of its size, or its strength,
当你考虑某物的大小或强度，
or its value, if you overestimate, you think it is more than it actually is. Right?
或者它的价值时，如果你高估了，你会认为它比它实际的价值要高。对吧？
So that's why we have the more than. If I overestimate the value of a ring, for example...
这就是为什么我们有大于。例如，如果我高估了戒指的价值...
if I get a ring, a gold and diamond ring, and I think: "Wow, this is really beautiful.
如果我得到一枚戒指，一枚金钻戒，我会想：“哇，这真是太漂亮了。
It must be, like, $10,000." But actually it's 5,000, so I way overestimated its value. Okay?
它肯定值1万美元。”但实际上是5000美元，所以我高估了它的价值。好吧？
I thought its value way more than it is. So it's a bit of a bad guess to the over side, rather than the under side.
我认为它的价值远高于真实的价值。所以这是一个糟糕的猜测，猜高了。
"Overhaul". "Haul"... "To haul" something means to carry, but "to overhaul" is a completely different meaning.
“彻底检修”。“Haul”...“To Haul”的意思是搬运，但“to overhaul”是一个完全不同的意思。
When we're looking at a piece of machinery, for example, a car engine-okay?-and we overhaul it,
当我们看一件机器，比如汽车引擎，我们大修它，
it means we completely take it apart, and we replace all the pieces and rebuild it to make it like new.
这意味着我们要彻底地把它拆开，然后把所有的零件都替换掉，重新组装，让它看起来像新的一样。
So we fix something completely; we overhaul it.
所以我们完全修复了一些东西；我们彻底检修它。
In business, a new manager comes to the office and he wants to overhaul the processes - means he wants to change everything,
在商业中，一个新经理来到办公室，他想要彻底改革流程，这意味着他想要改变一切，
he wants to break them all apart, and build brand new processes for the office to increase productivity, for example.
例如，他想把它们全部分解，为办公室建立全新的流程以提高生产率。
If you "overhear" something, it's like "hear", but "overhear", it doesn't mean you hear too much;
如果你“无意中听到”什么东西，它就像“听到”，但“无意中听到”并不意味着你听到太多；
it means you heard a conversation that you weren't supposed to hear.
而是你听到了本不应该听到的对话。
So, two people over there are speaking and they're speaking a little bit loudly,
那边有两个人在说话，声音有点大，
so you can overhear; you can actually hear what they're saying.
所以你可以无意中听到；你可以听到他们在说什么。
So, nothing to do with above or too much;
跟超过或太多没有关系；
it's more like they're speaking too loudly and that's why you can hear them. Okay?
更像是他们说得太大声了，所以你能听到他们说话。
"Overlook". Now, if you say: "Look over" it means, you know,
“忽视”。如果你说“Look over”，它的意思是，你知道，
you study something, you look over the facts, make sure everything's okay.
你在研究一些东西，仔细检查事实，确保一切正常。
If you "overlook" something, means you missed something.
如果你“overlook”某件事，意思是你错过了某件事。
So, I was reading all the information, and I overlooked a very important detail - means I missed it;
我看了所有的信息，我忽略了一个非常重要的细节——意思是我错过了它；
I didn't see it at the first time I was reading it. It could cause problems later on.
我第一次读的时候并没有看到它。以后可能会出现问题。
"Overrun". "Overrun" means when there's just too much of something, or people, or etc.
“泛滥”。“Overrun”意思是某种东西太多了，或者人太多了，等等。
For example, the situation. If you go to a tourist area, it might be overrun with... by... overrun by tourists; not with.
例如，某个情境。如果你去旅游区，那里可能到处都是...充满了游客。它和by搭配，不是with。
"Overrun" means there's too many, and it's spread out too much and you don't enjoy the tourist location.
“泛滥”的意思是这里人太多了，而且到处都是，你不能享受这个旅游景点。
If you go to, for example, in the US they have something called Black Friday. Okay?
如果你去，例如，在美国，他们有一个叫“黑色星期五”的东西。好吧？
Black Friday is a very special shopping day after Thanksgiving where all the stores give very, very big discounts on items.
黑色星期五是感恩节后一个非常特殊的购物日，所有的商店都提供非常大的折扣。
I personally don't like to go shopping on these days
我个人不喜欢在这些天去购物，
because the stores are just overrun by crazy shoppers who want to get the last TV, or the last whatever on a very good deal.
因为商店里到处都是疯狂的购物者，他们想买到最后一台电视，或者最后一件便宜的东西。
Stay away from those stores; they're overrun. "Override" and "overrule", these are very similar. Okay?
远离那些商店；那里人太多了。“Override”和“overrule”非常相似。好吧？
"Override" means to take away automatic control.
“Override”意思是取消自动控制。
When we're talking about a computer or machinery,
当我们谈论电脑或机器时，
if you override a command it means you cancel the command and you put a new one.
如果您覆写了一个命令，这意味着您取消了该命令，并设置了一个新的命令。
When you're talking about overruled, it's about people.
当你说被否决的时候，是关于人的。
So, for example, a judge decided A; another judge overruled that judge and decided B instead.
例如，法官判定A；另一名法官驳回了那名法官的判决，转而判决B。
So, "to overrule" means to put your rule over the other one.
所以，“to overrule”意思是把你的裁决压在另一个上面。
So, it's a little bit of the above because it's one on top of the other,
它有点像above，因为它是一个在另一个上面，
but the other one is superior or has more authority, and that's why it's the one that counts.
但是另一个更高级，更有权威，这就是为什么它是才是算数的。
And "override", the new command for the computer or the machine is the one that is actually used by the machine or the computer. Okay?
“override”，用于计算机或计算机的新命令是实际由计算机或计算机使用的命令。
"Oversee" it doesn't mean see over something; it basically means to supervise.
“Oversee”的意思不是看什么东西；它的意思就是监督。
So a little bit means, like, looking at everything, but nobody actually is seeing anything;
一点点的意思是，监督所有的东西，但实际上没有人监督任何东西；
they are just in control, in charge, managing, so they are supervising staff.
他们只是控制，负责，管理，所以他们监督员工。
So you oversee the staff, you oversee the process, you oversee the project means you just supervise. Okay?
所以你监督员工，你监督过程，你监督项目意味着你只是在监督。
So these are all verbs. Now, sometimes you have adjectives that join two words as well with "over", and the meaning is a little bit different.
这些都是动词。现在，有时你也会看到和over在一起组成的形容词，意思也会有一点不同。
When you're talking about "overboard" - two meanings.
当你说到“overboard”时，两个意思。
The literal meaning is when you're on a ship in the sea,
字面意思是当你在海上的船上时，
and somebody falls over the side of the ship and into the water, so that person went overboard.
有人从船边掉到水里，所以那个人从船上落水了。
But if you're talking about a general situation, "overboard" means a little bit too far. Okay?
如果你谈论的是一般情况，“overboard”的意思是有点过分了。
A little bit more than they should have.
比他们应该做的过分了一点。
So, if somebody is basically reacting badly to some bad news,
所以，如果有人对一些坏消息反应很差，
and they start firing or they start yelling at people, then they've gone a little bit overboard;
他们开始发火，或者对着人大喊大叫，然后他们就有点过火了；
they've gone a little bit further than they should have, makes other people feel uncomfortable.
他们做得过分了，让别人觉得不舒服。
An "overcast sky" means just very grey. Not necessarily clouds, but just grey. Okay?
“阴天”的意思是非常灰暗。不一定是云，只是灰色。
If you're "overjoyed", it doesn't mean you're too happy because there's no such thing as too happy; happy is good.
如果你“喜出望外”，这并不意味着你太高兴了，因为根本就没有“太高兴”这回事；快乐是好的。
"Overjoyed" just means happy. Okay?
“Overjoyed”就是高兴的意思。好吧。
"Overbite". Now, some people, their teeth are not exactly aligned, so their top teeth stick out a little bit and then their bottom teeth are behind.
“覆咬合”。有些人，他们的牙齿不是完全对齐的，所以他们的上牙有点突出，然后他们的下牙在后面。
So, these are the top teeth, these are the bottom teeth, so you have an overbite. Okay?
这些是上面的牙齿，这些是下面的牙齿，所以你有一个覆咬合牙齿。
The top teeth stick out a little bit. And "overkill" is a little bit like "overboard".
上面的牙齿有点突出。“overkill”有点像“overboard”。
"Overkill" means just too much of anything.
“Overkill”的意思是某个东西太多了。
So, if you're giving someone a compliment, and you just give them too much compliment,
如果你在赞美某人，你赞美得太过了，
like: "Oh, you're so beautiful, you're so this, you're so that."
比如：你太漂亮了，你太这个了，你太那个了。”
A little bit of overkill. "Overkill" is not a good thing.
有点太过了。“过分之举”不是一件好事。
When you're giving too much of something, you're making it a little bit less meaningful, so not a good thing.
当你给予太多的时候，你会让它变得没有意义，所以这不是一件好事。
And also a noun; nothing to do with the word, with the verb "to kill". Okay?
它也是一个名词；这个词和动词“杀死”没有关系。
So, again, if you're not sure about any words like these,
再说一次，如果你对这些词不确定，
if you see a word and you're not sure what the combination means,
如果你看到一个单词，你不确定这个组合是什么意思，
make sure you look it up in a dictionary to confirm your guess or just to find out if you don't actually know. Okay?
一定要查字典来确认你的猜测，或者只是看看你是否真的知道。
But, of course, if you're still not sure, you can go to www.engvid.com and ask me any questions in the comments section below.
但是，当然，如果你仍然不确定，你可以登录www.engvid.com，在下面的评论部分向我提问任何问题。
You can also take the quiz to make sure that you understand all of these words and how to use them.
你也可以做个小测验来确保你理解了所有这些单词以及如何使用它们。
And, again, don't forget to subscribe to my channel.
还有，别忘了订阅我的频道。
If you like the video, don't forget to give me a thumbs up if you liked it,
如果你喜欢这个视频，别忘了给我竖起大拇指，如果你喜欢的话，
and come back for more grammar/vocab lessons and all this other good stuff. Okay? I'll see you then. Bye-bye.
回来上更多的语法/词汇课和其他的好内容。好吧？到时候见。再见。
