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Hi. Welcome to engVid. I'm Adam. In today's video, we're going to look at basic car maintenance.
欢迎来到英格威学习网。我是亚当。在今天的视频中，我们来看下基本的汽车保养知识。
Now, some of you are thinking: "Okay, I don't really need to know this because I don't have a car",
有些人可能会想：“我不需要知道这个，因为我没有汽车。”
but it's always a good idea to know as much as you can about as much as you can, including cars.
但是知道的更多总是一件好的事情，包括汽车知识。
And keep in mind: It's still English, so it's still a good idea to listen.
但是记住：说的还是英语，所以听听还是很好的。
And you never know when you may be able to help a friend or family member with his or her car.
你也不知道你什么时候会帮助一个朋友或家人解决汽车的问题。
Now, I'm not going to get too serious about this;
我不会讲的太严肃。
I'm just going to give you the general things you need to keep in mind when you're looking at your car;
我只讲关于汽车你需要知道的大体的知识，
a little bit inside, a little bit outside, get a general idea of how to take care of your vehicle.
汽车内部的知识和外部的知识，知道你要如何养护自己的汽车。
So, the first thing you want to do always... Or every once in a while, depends on the situation, depends on how old your car is: You want to check fluids.
你总是想做的第一件事情就是...或者偶尔做的事情，这取决于情况，取决于你的车子的寿命，你会检查车的液体。
"Fluid" is basically any liquid, anything that flows throughout your car. For example, oil. Now, how do you check your oil?
fluid基本上指的是任何液体，任何流经你汽车的液体。比如，汽油。怎么检查汽油呢？
Well, you have a little oil tube sticking out of your engine, it has a dipstick - so, basically you pull it out,
你的发动机外面有一根小油管 你把量油尺拿出来
you clean it with some tissue, you put it back in, and then you pull it out again and then it shows you how much you have; what the level of the oil is.
用纸擦擦 放进油箱里 然后再拿出来 然后尺子就会显示还有多少油 油量有多少
And all of these things... To check all of these things or most of them, they each have their own little dipstick. Okay?
所有这些东西，检查所有这些东西或者他们中的大多数，都有相应的量尺。
So make sure you know where the dipstick is to check your levels.
所以确保测量的量尺在哪里。
Now, if you're driving and you have windshield wipers, you also make sure...
如果你正在开车，而且你有挡风玻璃雨刷，你还要确保...
You always want to make sure you have enough windshield washer fluid.
你要确保你有足够的挡风玻璃清洗液。
So, when you press on the windshield washers... On the wipers, the spray that comes out. That fills up; make sure you have enough.
就是当你按下挡风玻璃的时候...雨刷上喷出的水雾。装满它，确保你有足够的量。
Especially, for example, you live in Canada, in the winter when the streets are full of snow and ice and salt, and they come on your window,
特别是，比如，你住在加拿大，冬天的时候，街道上到处都是雪、冰和盐，它们会出现在你的车窗上，
if you don't have this fluid, you could be in a lot of trouble. Okay?
如果你没有这种清洗液，你可能会有很多麻烦。
So make sure you always have some. Once in a while check your transmission fluid.
所以确保你总是有一些。偶尔检查一下传动液。
Now, your transmission is what makes the engine... The power from the engine comes to the transmission and it basically turns your tires.
你的变速器是使引擎...发动机的动力传到变速器上，然后它转动轮胎。
Now, if you have gears... Some of you... Most people, actually, these days have an automatic transmission.
如果你有齿轮...有些人...实际上多数人都开的是自动挡汽车。
You put in drive and you go; you don't have to think about all the gears.
开起来就走。你不需要考虑这些齿轮。
Some people still have manual transmission where you put it into first gear, second gear, third gear, fourth gear, fifth gear, etc.
一些人仍然是手动变速 你把它放在一挡，二挡，三档四挡五档等等。
you have your clutch that you have to engage. Okay? So this is your transmission; that's what makes the wheels turn.
你有你的离合器，你必须得有啮合。好吧？这是你的变速器；这就是轮子转动的原因。
Make sure there's enough fluid so you don't kill your transmission. And, again, brake fluid. Your brakes work on hydraulic power.
确保有足够的液体，这样你就不会破坏变速器。还有刹车油。你的刹车靠液压工作。
Make sure there's enough fluid in there so the brakes engage and you can actually stop your car.
确保里面有足够的液体，这样刹车就会啮合，你就能停车。
Make sure there's always enough coolant in the radiator. The radiator is that part of the engine that keeps it cool; it doesn't let it get too hot.
确保散热器有足够的冷却液。散热器是使发动机降温的装置，它不会让发动机变得太热。
So the coolant is a special type of fluid that flows through the radiator, it cools as it works,
冷却液是流经散热器的一种特别的液体，它工作时就会冷却，
and it goes back into the engine, keeps the engine nice and cool. Make sure you have gas; no gas, no driving.
它回到发动机中，使发动机变好，变冷却。确保你有汽油，无汽油，不汽车。
Even electric cars still use some gas, right? So... Then always make sure that your car is fully equipped with the tools it needs.
甚至电车也可以使用汽油。确保你的汽车总是配备着它需要的工具。
Now, you have a tire, here; imagine that's a tire on your car.
你要有轮胎，想象这是你车上的轮胎。
The thing that keeps the tire connected to the car, these things here-there's four or five of them-these are called lugs.
使轮胎连接汽车的东西，这些东西-这里有四五个-它们叫耳片。
Lug nuts. So make sure you have a lug wrench. It's usually in your trunk with your spare tire or underneath it.
车轮螺母。确保你有单向扳手。它通常和你的备用轮胎一起放在你的后备箱里或者下面。
Make sure you have one that properly works. If you have a lock on these lugs, make sure you have the lock so you can open it.
确保有一个能正常使用。如果上面有锁，确保你可以打开它，这样你才能使用它。
A jack. A jack is the thing that you put under your car, and you pump, pump, pump, and it raises your car so you can take the tire off.
千斤顶。千斤顶是你放在车底下的东西，你给它打气，打气，打气，它会把你的车抬高，这样你就可以把轮胎卸下来。
If you have a flat tire... Basically like this... If you have a flat tire and you need to replace it,
如果车胎漏气...就像这样...如果车胎漏气，你想更换它，
you put your jack underneath, you pump it, raise the car; lug wrench, take off the lugs, take off the tire.
你把千斤顶放在下面，给它打气，把车升起来，去掉耳片，去下轮胎。
You might have to take off a hubcap first. The hubcap is a cover; some cars have them, some cars don't.
你可能得先取下轮毂盖。轮毂盖是一个盖子；有些车有，有些车没有。
You take off the tire, put on the spare, put the lugs back, tighten them, lower the jack, you're good to go. Okay?
你把轮胎卸下来，换上备胎，把耳片放回去，拧紧，放下千斤顶，就好了。
Always make sure you have jumper cables. Jumper cables are cables that you can connect from your battery to another car's battery.
一定要确保你有跨接电缆。跨接电缆是一种可以将电池连接到另一辆车的电池上的电缆。
If your battery is dead and you can't start your car, you connect the jumper cables, somebody will give you a jump.
如果你的电池没电了，你不能发动你的车，你需要连接跨接电缆，有人会帮你发动。
A jump is sometimes called a boost. So if your battery's not...
一次发动有时也叫做boost。如果你的电池没电了...
If your car is not turning on, you think the battery is dead, maybe you left the lights on all night,
如果你的车发动不了了，你认为电池没电了，也许你整晚都开着灯，
find a stranger and ask him: "Can you give me a jump?" or "Can you give me a boost?"
找一个陌生人，问他：“你能帮我发动一下吗?”或者说Can you give me a boost?
They connect the cables, turn on the engine, you're good to go.
他们连接电缆，打开引擎，就可以开始了。
Make sure you have a pressure gauge to check your tires; make sure there's enough air in the tires,
确保你有一个压力计来检查你的轮胎，确保轮胎里有足够的空气，
and check for, again, PSI - pounds per square inch.
再检查一下PSI-每平方英寸磅数
You should have enough. It might be written on the tire, you can see how many... How much PSI you need.
这个数值应该是足够的。它可能写在轮胎上，你可以看到有多少...你需要多大的PSI。
If you open your car door, on the side, it will also say how much PSI your tires need; make sure they're full.
如果你打开车门，在边上也会写着你的轮胎需要多大的PSI。确保它们是够的。
Now we're going to look under the hood. So, the front of the car, in most cars,
现在我们来看看引擎盖下面的东西。在大多数车的车身前面，
there's the front of the car, you lift the hood and there's the engine.
你打开引擎盖，下面就是引擎。
So we're going to look under the hood: What are we going to see there?
我们来看看引擎盖下面的东西：有什么呢？
Again, I'm not going to get too much detail; the things that you need to know that you can fix by yourself, without having to go to a mechanic.
我不会讲太多细节；你需要知道你可以自己修理的东西，而不需要去找技工。
Mechanics can be very expensive. Spark plugs, so these are the things that basically blow up the gas when it comes into the engine,
请技工很贵的。火花塞，汽油进入引擎后，有东西会使它爆炸。
and move the rods and all that; you don't need to know.
移动活塞杆，你不必知道。
Spark plugs, they're going to be like two, four, six... Well, not two anymore, but four, six, eight, whatever, however many valves you have.
火花塞，会有两个、四个、六个...没有两个了，是四个、六个、八个，不管你有多少个阀门。
Pull it out, make sure it's clean, make sure the space between is big enough so you have a spark.
把它拿出来，确保它是干净的，确保中间的空间足够大，这样才会产生火花。
A spark, gas, power, movement, engine. Okay. Fan belt, make sure you have a fan belt; make sure it's not scratched, make sure it's tight enough.
火花，气体，动力，运动，引擎。好吧。风扇皮带，确保你有风扇皮带；确保没有刮伤，确保足够紧。
It moves things in the engine; that's good enough. Very easy to see when you open the hood.
它带动引擎里的东西，足够好了。打开引擎盖后很容易就能看到。
And the alternator is what basically goes back and forth from the battery to make sure there's always power.
交流发电机基本上就是从电池中来来回回地工作，以确保总有电力供应。
Make sure that it's working properly. If this goes... If you're turning on your...
确保它正常工作。如果它...如果你开动你的...
Trying to turn on your car and it doesn't turn on, maybe the battery is dead, maybe the alternator is dead;
试着开动你的汽车，如果不行的话，可能是电池没电了，或许是交流发电机不工作了。
you might have to replace it, or the starter, etc.
你可能需要更换它，或者起动机，等等。
Air filter, this cleans the air that comes into your engine. Okay?
空气过滤器，它清洁进入引擎的空气。
The cleaner it is, the better the air, the better the burning of the gas in your engine.
它越清洁，空气就越好，引擎中燃油就更好。
Every once in a while, clean it; every once in a while, replace it.
时不时地清洁它，时不时地更换它。
Just a... It basically... Usually, like... Depends on the car, but different sizes, it looks like paper... Like... How do I say? Like this.
它像是...取决于汽车，尺寸不同，它看起来像纸...像...怎么说呢？就像这样。
It has grooves, and you can see it gets dirty. Just replace it. Of course, the whole thing is the engine. And then you have your carburetor.
它有凹槽，你会看到它变脏的样子。换就对了。整个就是引擎。还有汽化器。
Old cars have carburetors; new cars have fuel injection systems.
旧车有化油器；新车有燃油喷射系统。
These are the things that control how much gas is burnt, and how much air mixes with the gas to get the proper amount of burn.
这些是控制燃烧多少气体，多少空气与气体混合以达到适当的燃烧量的东西。
So you want to make sure that this is always clean. Every once in a while you can go to the auto shop, you can buy a fluid, a cleaner,
所以你要确保它总是干净的。每隔一段时间，你可以去汽车商店，你可以买清洁剂，
put it into your gas tank and it will clean out the carburetor, clean the fuel injection system, and you get proper air and gas flow. Okay?
把它放进你的油箱里，它会清洁化油器，清洁燃油喷射系统，你就会得到合适的空气和气体流量。
So, basically this is the inside of the car. We're going to look at little bit outside and inside the car cabin.
基本上这就是汽车内部。我们来看看车厢内外的一些东西。
Okay, so now we're going to look a little bit around the car and inside the cabin.
好了，现在我们要看一下汽车和车厢的内部。
So, you have your windscreen, that's the glass in front of you as you're driving, so make sure, like, rocks don't hit you.
你有挡风玻璃，就是你开车时前面的玻璃，要确保石头不会砸到你等等。
So that's called your windscreen or your windshield; depends, some people call it differently.
这就是挡风玻璃，有些人的叫法不同。
You have wipers. Make sure that the wipers are good. Make sure that they're flat, make sure that the rubber part is still good and solid,
还有弧刷。确保弧刷是好的。确保他们是平的，确保擦拭的部分是好的、可靠的。
it doesn't have cracks in it, because it's not going to work properly.
它没有裂缝，因为有的话就不能正常使用。
It's going to leave streaks if you don't take care of that.
如果不注意这个的话，使用后会出现条痕的。
Streaks, basically it's going to leave lines all along your windshield and makes it very difficult to see, especially on sunny days. Okay?
条痕。就是留在挡风玻璃上的线，这会使人很难看清，尤其是在晴天。
In the front of your car, like the front part that... If you're going to hit something,
在车前面，如果你撞到什么东西的话，
that's going to be the first thing to hit, that's called your bumper. Make sure that's solid.
它就是首先撞到的东西，它就是保险杠。确保它是坚固的。
The side pieces, like the... On top of the wheels and basically the doors in the back, these are all called fenders.
还有边件，比如...在轮子顶部后面的门是挡泥板。
Now, some people think: "Okay, if I have a scratch or if I have a ding", basically...
有些人会想：“如果车出现了刮蹭或者撞击，基本上...
A ding or dent, basically if somebody took their shopping cart and hit it,
凹痕，如果有人推着购物车撞到了它，
and it had like a little dent inside my fender: "Ah, I'll just leave it; I'll fix it some other time."
挡泥板上出现了一个小凹槽：“我先不管它，有时间再修它。”
Keep in mind, especially in a place like Canada, in the winter we have a lot of salt on the street - when salt gets in there,
记住，尤其是在加拿大这样的地方，在冬天，街上有很多盐-沾上盐的话，
it becomes rusty very quick, so you probably want to fix that as soon as possible.
它就很快会变锈。你会想尽快修好它。
Your muffler. So here's your car... We'll pretend that's a car, and... So this is your tailpipe, that's where the emissions come out.
消音器。这是你的车...我们假装这是一个汽车，这是你的排气管，这是尾气出来的地方。
Okay, that's a tailpipe. We also call it an exhaust pipe.
这是一个排气管。我们也叫它exhaust pipe。
And underneath is the... A box that makes sure that your engine doesn't sound like an explosion; makes all the noise very quiet.
下面是一个确保你的引擎声听起来不会像爆炸的盒子，确保使噪音很安静。
It muffles the noise. To muffle: To make less, to make quiet. So make sure that your muffler is solid.
它消除噪音。消音，使变小，使变静。确保你的消音器是可靠的。
If there's any hole in it, you will hear it; your car will be very, very loud.
如果它有个洞的话，你就会听出来，汽车就会非常非常吵。
If there's any white smoke or black smoke coming out of your exhaust pipe,
如果你的排气管里冒出白烟或黑烟，
probably means you're burning oil or you're burning some other type of fluid -
可能意味着你在燃烧石油或者其他类型的液体，
you might want to check where that leak is coming from; maybe just need to replace the whole exhaust system. Okay?
你可能想知道泄漏源在哪，或许只需要换一套排气系统就行了。
And shocks. So, when you're driving and you, like... Let's say you're on the road and there's, like, a big pothole...
减震装置。你在开车，然后...你在路上，出现了一个大坑...
Again, this is something that happens in cold countries because the ice breaks the street, and you have sometimes holes.
这是在寒冷的国家会发生的事情，因为冰会破坏街道，有时会有坑。
When you go on the pothole, if your car goes really hard down, that means your shocks are worn. Okay?
当你行驶到坑里时，如果你的汽车开的很难，这就是你的减震装置磨损了。
So you might want to replace the shocks. Shocks should be soft;
所以你可能需要更换减震装置了。减震装置应该是柔软的，
bumps shouldn't be too hard, you shouldn't feel, like, shocked by the bump. Okay?
颠簸不应该太严重，你不应被颠簸吓到。
Inside or a little bit outside, you have your side-view mirror so you can check your blind spot, you have your rear-view mirror so you know who's behind you. Okay?
在车里面或外面一点，你有侧视镜，这样你可以检查你的盲点，还有后视镜，这样你知道谁在你后面。
Make sure these are good and not cracked. You have... If you have a manual transmission, then you have your stick shift; first, second, third, fourth, etc.
确保这些东西是好的，没有坏掉。如果你车是手动档，那么你有变速杆；第一，第二，第三，第四，等等。
So we also call it a gear shift. Automatic, you have parking, rear, neutral... Sorry. Rear, neutral, drive, etc.
这就叫变速。自动挡，你会有停车档，倒挡，空挡...抱歉。倒挡，空挡和前进档等等。
Manual, you have your stick, go into all your gears. Where your feet are, automatic - gas, brake; if you have manual transmission - clutch.
手动挡，你会有变速杆，变到不同的档。自动挡车有油门，刹车。如果是手动挡-离合器。
If your clutch is grinding, like: "Err", every time you probably try to put it into a gear,
如果你的离合器出现磨擦声，比如呃，每次你换挡时，
like: "Err, grr", it's grinding, might need a new clutch; you might need to replace that.
会出现呃的声音。它在摩擦，你可能需要一个新离合器。你可能需要换一个。
Odometer, make sure your odometer is working; it's checking your distance.
里程表，确保你的里程表在工作，它在检查车的行驶距离。
Every time you move, the odometer goes up and collects the total number of kilometers or miles travelled.
每次开车的时候，里程表就会上升，并记录所有的行驶里程数。
If you play with that, in Canada, for example... If you try to turn it to go back to reduce the mileage, you can go to jail for that; that's actually a crime.
如果你玩它的话，比如在加拿大...如果你试图把它转回去减少里程，你可能会因此入狱；那实际上是犯罪。
A speedometer, make sure your speedometer... Sometimes we just call it a speedo;
速度计，确保你的速度计...有时我们叫它Speedo。
not like the bathing suit, just like a suspeedometer, but short: speedo.
不像泳衣，就像一个suspeedometer，但是很短：Speedo。
If your speedo is not working and you don't know how fast you're driving, that could be a big issue; fix that as well.
如果你的速度计不工作了，你不知道你开的多快，这可能是个大问题，要解决掉这个问题。
Before the winter comes, make sure your defroster works so your windows don't get all foggy.
在冬天到来之前，确保你的除霜器是工作的，这样你的窗户不会都是雾。
Make sure your heater works, make sure your vent works.
确保你的加热器工作，确保你的排气装置工作。
You have a... There's basically a fan under the hood, make sure that it's working properly, everything's good, you're safe for the winter.
你有...引擎盖下面有一个风扇，确保它正常工作，每个装置都很好，冬天就很安全。
Now, this is all very basic. The reason you need to know this stuff is so if you go to a mechanic and he...
这些都是基本的东西。你需要知道这些事情的原因是，如果你去找一个机修工的话，
He probably sees you don't know anything about cars, he can charge you for things that you don't know, that you don't need.
他可能发现你一点也不懂车，他可能因不必要的修理向你收费。
Be careful about that. Have some basic knowledge of your car. If you're going to go on a road trip...
小心这一点。掌握一些基本的汽车知识。如果你去公路旅行...
And I have a very good video about getting ready to go on a road trip - watch that. Make sure your car is in good shape.
我有一个很棒的关于如何准备好公路旅行的视频，可以去看看。确保你的汽车状态良好。
Make sure if you're stuck in the middle of nowhere, you know at least a little bit of basic maintenance things that you can do to help yourself.
确保在你困在荒山野地时，你至少知道一些可以帮助自己的基本的维修知识。
Now, if you want to know more about actually driving, check out some of the other videos we have on engVid from some of the other teachers;
如果你想知道更多关于开车的事情，看一下英格威学习网上其他老师的讲课视频。
Alex and Emma have a video on these; very good lessons. Just put "driving" in the search box at www.engvid.com, and you will see these.
艾利克斯和艾玛有关于开车的非常棒视频。在英格威学习网上搜索开车，你就能看到。
And if you have any questions, please go to www.engvid.com, join the forum; I'll be happy to answer your questions.
如果你有任何问题，请登录www.engvid.com，加入论坛，我会非常乐意回答你的问题。
There's also a quiz where I'll basically test your knowledge a little bit about all this stuff.
还有一个小测验，我会测试一下你们对这些知识的掌握程度。
If you like the video, please subscribe to my YouTube channel; I'd love to have you and love to be part of your English lessons.
如果你喜欢这个视频，请订阅我的YouTube频道；我想要你这个听众，也想成为你英语课的一部分。
And yeah, come back again soon, see us, and we'll see you then. Bye-bye.
好的，很快再来，再见，到时候见。再见。
