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Hi. Welcome to engVid. I'm Adam. In today's lesson I want to teach you eight idioms that come from education.
欢迎来到英格威学习网。我是亚当。在今天的视频中，我想教大家八个来自教育的习语。
Actually, I have 10 of them, a couple of them are just expressions, though, so I can add them to the other ones. Eight idioms.
实际上，我有十个，但是有些只是一些表达式，所以我可以把他们加到别的里面。八个习语。
All of these come from education, but now we use them to talk about other things that might not be related to education at all. Okay?
所有这些词都来自教育，但是我们使用它们来谈论可能和教育无关的事情。
So, as you know, idioms are groups of words, they're expressions whose individual words, when they're put together might not mean the exact same thing as the words themselves.
如你所知，习语是由一组词构成的，它们是这样的表达，当它们放在一起的时候，它们意思可能和单词本身的意思不完全一样。
They can have completely unrelated meanings, and we're going to see some examples of these.
它们可以有完全不相关的意思，我们将看一些例子。
So we're going... We have a lot of ground to cover, so we're going to go slowly but surely through it all.
我们有很多事情要做。我们会慢慢讲，但是肯定会讲完所有的东西。
So, what does it mean "to cover a lot of ground" or "have a lot of ground to cover"?
所以"to cover a lot of ground"或"have a lot of ground to cover"是什么意思呢？
It means to have a lot of material or a lot of information to get through, and understand, and make sure everybody gets. Right?
它的意思是有很多材料和信息要过，需要理解，确保每个人都能理解。
When we cover a lot of ground, technically it comes from the ground, and you cover ground means you move, you travel.
我们有很多信息要过，严格来说，它来自地面，你要覆盖地面意味着你要移动，要行进。
But we use "ground" as information, and "cover" means go over. So: "cover a lot of ground", get through a lot of information.
我们使用"ground"来表示信息，用"cover"来表示检查。所以，"cover a lot of ground"意思就是有很多信息要过。
Also, we "can't teach an old dog new tricks". So what does it mean, you can't teach an old dogs a new trick?
还有，老狗学不会新把戏。这是什么意思，你教不会老狗新技能？
So imagine your grandfather, okay? You are moving to another country because you're studying English, you want to immigrate to another country.
想一下你祖父。你要搬到另一个国家，因为你在学习英语，你想移民到另外一个国家。
You get to that country and you want to continue speaking with your grandfather in your home country.
你到了那个国家，你想继续和你的祖父在你的祖国交谈。
So you're trying to teach him Skype or you're trying to teach him, like, a mobile app, messenger, whatever.
所以你要试着教他使用skype或者你试着教他一个移动应用messenger，等等。
But your grandfather is trying, trying, trying, he just doesn't get it. And then finally he says: "You know what? I don't care.
但是你的祖父在尝试 尝试 尝试，他就是弄不懂。最后他说：“你知道吗，我不在乎。
We'll call each other on the telephone once in a while." So finally you give up, you say:
我们会时不时地给彼此打电话。最后你放弃了，你说，
"You know what? You can't teach an old dog new tricks. We'll just call on the phone."
你知道吗，老狗学不会新把戏。我们就打电话吧。
It means as people get older, it's very difficult to change their habits. Okay?
这意味着 随着人们变老 他们很难改变自己的习惯。
We're not calling old people old dogs, it's just an expression, but basically old people don't change habits very easily.
我们不会把老人叫做老狗，这只是一个表达，但是基本上老人不会轻易改变自己的习惯。
You can't teach them, so that's where the education comes in.
你不能教他们，这时教育就来了。
Now, something or someone is "old school" or he or she belongs to an "old school of thought" or to a particular school of thought.
某件事或者某人是守旧派，或者他或她属于老派思想，或者指一个特殊的思想流派。
So, if somebody is old school, he or she likes something that is a little bit old-fashioned,
如果某人是守旧派，他或她会喜欢某件老式的东西。
likes to do something a little bit old-fashioned, something that's probably outdated, not modern. Okay?
喜欢做一些有点过时的事情，或许某件过时的事情，并不现代。
Now, it doesn't have to be about a person. It could be a thing. So, for example, if you... For example, if you go to Cuba... Okay.
它不必是关于一个人的。也可以是关于一件事情。比如，如果你去了古巴...
Cuba has a lot of old cars from the 1950s. Okay? Like Chevys, and Fords, and whatnot.
古巴有很多20世纪50年代的老车。比如雪佛兰，福特和诸如此类的车。
We can say: "Oh, wow, that's a really old-school car." It has the old engines, nothing computerized.
我们可以说：“那真是一辆老式汽车。”它有老式的引擎，没有电脑控制。
It's all carburetor and all kinds of pipes all over the place. It's very old school. It's very cool, but it's not modern. Okay?
到处都是化油器和各种各样的管子。这是非常古老的汽车。它很酷，但不现代。
So it's something that's old school. When we talk about a school of thought, it means it's a particular way of viewing something or thinking about something.
这是老式的汽车。当我们谈论一种思想流派时，这意味着它是一种看待事物或思考事物的特殊方式。
We especially use it to talk about, like, philosophy. Okay? But even in science there are certain scientists who basically subscribe to this particular school of thought.
我们特别用它来谈论哲学。但即使在科学领域，也有一些科学家基本上认同这种特殊的思想流派。
So, we use the word "subscribe", means they believe in doing it this way.
我们使用"subscribe"这个词，意思是相信这种思想流派。
Other scientists subscribe to this school of thought. So, the... There was a scientist who said: "This is the way we should do it."
其他科学家认可这种思想流派。所以，有位科学家说：“我们应该这样做。”
There was another scientist who said: "This is the way we should do it."
还有一位科学家说:“我们应该这样做。”
All the people who follow this way created a school or a viewpoint, they created their own viewpoint.
所有遵循这种方式的人都创造了一个学派或观点，他们创造了自己的观点。
So different schools of thought. So, if we're talking about how to discipline children, okay?
这就是不同的思想流派。如果我们谈论如何教育孩子，
Some people like to sit their children down and talk, talk, talk for hours to try to teach them something.
有些人喜欢让他们的孩子坐下来，一谈就是几个小时，试图教他们一些东西。
Other... In other cultures they just slap them on the bum, the kid understands, never does it again.
其他...在其他文化中，他们只是打打他们的屁股，孩子就明白，永远不会再这样做了。
The slapping thing is a little bit old school, we don't really do that anymore, but it comes from an old school of thought where punishment creates discipline.
打孩子这件事情有一些过时，我们现在不那么做了，但它来自一个古老的思想流派，在那里惩罚创造纪律。
That's... I'm not getting involved in the actual question, that's up to you. I'm just telling you the expressions.
那是...我不会涉及这个具体的问题，这取决于你。我只是告诉你这些表达。
"Learn the ropes". Okay? So, if somebody needs to learn the ropes, they need to learn how to do something.
再看"Learn the ropes"。如果某人需要"Learn the ropes"，他们需要学习怎么做事情。
So when you join a company for the first time, at the beginning you don't know where the copy machine is, you don't know where the fax machine is,
如果你第一次加入一家公司，一开始你不知道复印机在哪里，传真机在哪里，
you don't know how to do things around the office, so at the beginning you have to learn the ropes, learn how everything works, and then you become adjusted.
你不知道怎样在办公室做事，一开始你要学会做事情，了解一切是如何运作的，然后你就会适应。
I think it actually comes from sailing, I'm not sure. All kinds of different ropes you need to learn how to use them to sail your boat,
我认为它实际上来自航行，我不确定。你需要学习如何使用各种不同的绳子来驾驶你的船。
but basically it means adjust to a new situation, get to know it, move on.
基本上它的意思是适应一个新环境，了解它，再继续。
Now, if you're going to "teach someone a lesson", it means you're going to punish them. Okay?
如果你要给某人上一课，意思就是你要惩罚他们。
"I'm going to teach you a lesson you won't forget." Right?
我要给你上一节你不会忘记的课。
So somebody did something bad to me, and I want to get revenge, I want to teach them a lesson.
所以就是，某人对我做了不好的事情，我想复仇，我想给他们上一课。
I want to punish them so they understand that what they did to me was bad and I'm going to do something worse for them.
我想惩罚他们，这样他们就会明白，他们对我做的事情不好，我要对他们做些更不好的事情。
Now, the other side: "to learn a lesson". Of course, you go to school, your teacher teaches you and you learn the lessons,
另外一方：“吸取教训”。当然，你去学校，你的老师会给你上课。
but when we say: "Oh yeah, I really learned a lesson from that experience",
但是当我们说：“是的，我真的从那次经历中吸取了教训。
it means you went through a bad experience, usually, and you learned from it so you will not repeat it again.
它意味着你有一次不好的经历，通常，你从中学习，这样你就不会再重蹈覆辙。
So it's not necessarily punishment, but it was a bad experience that you will avoid.
所以它不一定是惩罚，但是它是你会能够避免的不好的经历。
To teach someone, somebody did something bad to you and you will get revenge, you will punish them for it.
为了教育某人，某人对你做了坏事，你会报复，你会惩罚他们。
"To school someone", now, realistically you can interpret this as to teach someone something. Right?
"To school someone"，实际上，你可以将它解读为教某人某件事情。
To school someone in etiquette, means to teach them etiquette or to teach them behaviour, etc.
教某人礼仪，意思就是教他们礼仪或者教他们举止行为。
These days it's used as a slang term, it means to embarrass somebody.
现在它用作一个俚语，意思是让某人窘迫。
So if I'm playing basketball with a friend of mine and, you know,
如果我和朋友一起打篮球，
I'm trying to do all these things and then suddenly he just steals the ball and he goes and does a 360 slam dunk, he schooled me.
我试着去做所有这些事情，然后突然他就断了球，然后他去做了一个360度扣篮，他使我窘迫。
He showed me how real basketball players play and I am nothing. So he embarrassed me, he schooled me in basketball or any situation. Okay?
他向我展示真正的篮球运动员打球的方式，而我什么也不是。所以他让我窘迫，他在打篮球或者其他情况下让我窘迫。
"'A' for effort", good job, nice try, but sorry, you're not hired. You failed. You didn't do the work properly.
"'A' for effort"，做得很棒，很好的尝试，但是抱歉，你没有被录用。你失败了。你没有把工作做好。
So if somebody says: "You get an 'A' for effort", it means: "I really appreciate that you tried so hard, but it's not very good.
如果某人说："You get an 'A' for effort"，意思就是：“我很欣赏你的努力，但是你做的不是很好。
You didn't really succeed. Sorry. Bye." Right? "A" for effort, "B" or "C" or "D" or "F" for actual accomplishment.
你没有成功。抱歉。再见。努力是A，实际的效果是B，C，D或者F。
Now, "to make the grade". If somebody makes the grade, it means they reached a certain quality or a certain level. Right?
现在看"to make the grade"。如果某人达到标准，意思是说他们达到了一定的质量或者水平。
So, if you think about the army and you... I'm sure all of you have seen enough Hollywood movies that you know what Navy Seals are.
如果你想到军队...我相信你们都看过足够多的好莱坞电影，你们知道海豹突击队是什么。
So, Navy Seals are, like, Special Forces, they're very tough, very strong, very hardworking soldiers. Not everybody can be a Navy Seal.
海豹突击队是特种部队，他们非常坚韧，非常强壮，非常勤勉。不是每个人都能成为海豹突击队队员的。
Many soldiers try, but only a few make the grade. They reach that level of ability that they can join the Navy Seals. Right?
许多士兵都在努力，但只有少数合格。他们达到了加入海豹突击队的能力水平。
So, "make the grade" also comes from school. To get into university, you need a 3.4 GPA, for example.
达到标准也来自学校。比如，为了进入大学，你的平均分需要达到3.4。
If you don't make that grade, 3.4, you don't get into university.
如果你达不到3.4，你就进不了大学。
But now we use this expression for all kinds of things about reaching a certain minimal level quality, ability, etc.
但是现在我们用这个表达来表示各种各样的事情，比如达到某种最低水平的素质、能力等等。
So, if you have any questions about these, please go to www.engvid.com and ask me in the forum there.
如果你有任何关于这些习语的问题，请登录www.engvid.com，在那里的论坛向我提问。
There's also a quiz you can take to practice your understanding of these idioms.
你还可以在那里做一个小测验来练习你对这些习语的理解。
Like my video and subscribe to my channel. And come back soon, I'll give you some more good tips for English. See you then.
点赞我的视频，订阅我的频道。快快回来，我会再给你一些学习英语的好建议。到时见。
