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Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
欢迎来到英格威学习网。我是亚当。
Today's lesson is a little bit special and a little bit...
今天的课程有一点特别，有一点...
You have to be careful with it, so I want to give you a little bit of a warning before we even start
你使用的时候要小心一点，所以在我们开始前，我想先提醒一下
because I'm going to show you some ways to say:
我将教大家一些表示以下词汇的方式：
"crazy" and "stupid". I'm going to show you expressions that we use to talk about a person
"crazy" 和 "stupid"。我将给你们展示我们用来谈论一个有点疯狂或者有点愚蠢的人的短语，
who's a little bit crazy or you think is stupid without actually using the words: "crazy" or "stupid".
但是不用"crazy" 和 "stupid"这两个词。
Now, on the other hand, I'm also going to show you some ways to say a person is very smart or sharp.
另一方面，我也会给你们展示一些表达一个人非常聪明或敏锐的词汇。
Now, "sharp" generally means smart, but it could also mean very aware or very in control of a situation.
"sharp"的意思通常是聪明，但是它的意思也有非常明白或能掌控局势。
Now, all of these expressions, they're very creative and you can play with them a lot.
所有这些表达，它们都非常有创造性，你可以经常使用它们。
I'm going to show you basics and then show you how to expand on them,
我会跟大家讲它们的基本意思，然后再加以拓展，
and I want you to understand them because they are very common, and especially if you're watching TV shows or movies...
我想理解他们，因为他们非常常见，尤其是你在看电视节目或电影的时候...
And I get a lot of students say to me: "I can understand all the English, but I don't know what they're saying on... In the movies."
有很多学生对我说：“我明白这些词汇，但是我不知道它们在电影中是什么意思。”
Well, the thing you have to remember, in the movies, their audience, their target audience is native English speakers,
你要知道在电影里，他们的观众，是英语为母语的人，
which means they can use slang, and they can use idioms, and they can use all kinds of cultural expressions that a non-native speaker,
这意味着他们使用俚语，还有习语，他们会使用各种各样的文化用语，
that someone who's learning English simply won't understand until it is explained to him or her.
一个学英语的英语非母语的人不能理解，除非有人给他们解释。
So that's what we're going to do here. So we're going to start with "crazy" and "stupid" expressions,
这就是我们今天要讲的内容。我们将以"crazy" 和 "stupid"的表达开始。
and then we're going to look at "smart" and "sharp" expressions. Okay?
然后我们再来学习"smart" 和 "sharp"的表达。
Now, a very common expression... And the reason I'm starting with this is because you can be very creative with this one.
首先一个非常常见的表达...以这个开始的原因就是因为你们在这个表达上会很有创造性。
You are... "__________ short/shy of __________". A person is something short of something, or shy of something.
你缺乏...一个人缺乏什么。
Now, before I continue, "shy". Everybody knows "shy" means, you know, you get nervous when you talk to strangers or your face gets red.
在我继续之前，害羞。大家都知道害羞的意思。在和陌生人说话时，你会紧张或者你会脸红。
Shy, "to be shy of" means to have less than complete. Okay?
缺乏的意思就是比完整要少。
So there's a new meaning of the word "shy" for you. And if... Those of you taking an English test, this is a good word to use in your essay.
所以在这里"shy"有一个新的意思。如果你们要参加一个英语测验，你可以在文章里使用这个好词。
Keep that in mind. So let's look at a few examples. "A few cards short of a full deck."
记住它。我们来看几个例子。一副牌里缺几张牌（笨或愚蠢）。
So, a full deck of cards has-what?-I think 52 cards, so this person only has 45, so he's not playing a complete game.
一副牌有52张牌吧，所以这个人只有45张，那他就不能玩一个完整的游戏了。
It means something a little bit missing, so either crazy or stupid-okay?
这意味着少点东西，所以是疯狂还是愚蠢呢？
-without actually saying those words, but everybody will understand.
不用说这些词，但是大家都能明白。
Now, this ex-... This structure you can use anything you want on either end, and people get very creative.
这个结构你可以在两边自由发挥，人们会变得非常有创造力。
Some... "That person is a few sandwiches short of a picnic."
那个人野餐少了几个三明治。
You can't have a picnic if you don't have all the sandwiches there, so a little bit not 100%. Right?
如果你三明治没有带够的话，你就不能野餐，比100%差一点对吗？
Oh, that's another expression, to say: "He is not 100%." It means something a little bit missing.
这是另外一个表达，“他没有100%。”这意味着少点东西。
"A few beers short of a 6-pack.", "A few French fries short of a Happy Meal."
一捆啤酒少了几瓶。快乐的一餐少点薯条。
The list goes on and on and on and on. You can hear all kinds, just remember this part of it and you'll understand what's going on.
你可以无限扩充这个队列。你能听到各种各样的表达，记住它要表达的意思，你就会明白了。
Now, other expressions: "He's not playing with a full deck." So, basically the same meaning as this, but just a different construct.
看一下别的表达：“他没有打出所有的牌。”基本上意思相同，但是是一个不同的概念。
"Oh, that guy's not playing with a full deck. Be careful about him."
“那个家伙没有打出所有的牌。小心一点。
Means he's a little bit crazy, he's not 100%.
这意思是他有点疯狂，他没有到100%。
Another expression, and this is, again, we use it with these two: "sharpest" and "brightest".
另外一个表达，我们使用这两个词："sharpest" 和"brightest"。
Now, "sharp" generally means smart, "bright" also means smart.
"sharp"意思通常是聪明，"bright"也有聪明的意思。
So if somebody is bright, clever; somebody is sharp, clever.
所以如果说某人"bright"，意思就是聪明，"sharp"也是聪明。
But if somebody is "not the sharpest knife in the drawer", it means he's not very sharp,
但是如果一个人“不是抽屉里最锋利的刀”，这意味着他不是很锋利，
he's actually quite blunt so he's a little bit stupid.
他其实很钝，所以他有点笨。
If somebody is "not the brightest star in the sky", same meaning, not very smart, a little bit stupid. Okay?
如果某人“不是天空中最亮的星星”，意思是一样的，不是很聪明，有点笨。
Other ways: "The lights are on, but nobody's home." So eyes are open, he's alive and seeing everything,
其他说法：“灯亮着，但没人在家。”他睁开眼睛，他还活着，看到了一切，
but nobody's home, nothing's going on inside the brain.
但没人在家，大脑里什么都没发生。
"A person is out to lunch", so the body is here but the brain is outside having lunch somewhere, so not present.
“一个人出去吃午饭”，所以身体在这里，但大脑在外面吃午饭，所以不在场。
You can also say the person "has a loose screw", or "has a few loose screws", means not everything's tight and working properly.
你也可以说一个人：有一个松动的螺母，或者有一些松动的螺母，意思是并不是每件事都很好，运作正常。
"This person's cheese slid off his cracker". So, again, the list goes on and on and on.
“这个人的奶酪从他的饼干上滑了下来”。等等，这个列表可以无限扩充。
Make sure you understand them, make sure you know... You recognize them for what they mean.
确保你理解他们，确保你知道...你知道他们的意思。
But if you're going to use them, be very, very careful.
但是如果你要使用他们的话，请非常小心。
Because if... Sometimes I've heard students mix up expressions,
因为有时候，我发现学生们会把表达搞混淆。
and the other person doesn't understand what they're saying and they can get in...
另外一个人不理解他们的意思...
Themselves into a little bit of trouble, so be careful about that.
这时候他们就会有些麻烦，所以要小心。
Let's look at a few expressions to talk about somebody being smart, or sharp, or on the ball, as we'll see.
我们来看一些谈论某人聪明的表达。
Okay, so now we're going to look at the other side of the coin. Okay?
我们来看一下硬币的另一面好吧。
We're going to look at some ways to say good things about people.
我们将学习一些赞美他人的方式。
So, if say... If we say somebody is the "cream of the crop",
所以，如果说...如果我们说某人是"cream of the crop"，
it means he's the best of the best, or she's the best of the best.
它的意思就是他是最优秀的人，或她是最优秀的人。
So if you're taking... If you're looking at a group of students, all of them are... Sorry.
如果你看到一群学生，他们都是...对不起。
All of them are very smart, but this one in particular, he is the cream of the crop.
他们都很聪明，但这一个特别，他是精英。
He's the best of the best. He's the smartest, the most talented, etc.
他是精英中的精英。他是最聪明的，最有才华的等等。
When we talk about smarts, there are two types of... Descriptions of smart,
当我们谈论聪明时，有两种类型...聪明的描述，
so there's "book smarts" means somebody who's studied a lot and knows everything in theory, and then there are "street smarts".
"book smarts"意思是这个人学习了很多知识，知道很多理论。还有"street smarts"。
So if we say: "This guy, not so much book smarts, but his street smarts will get him very far." Okay?
所以如果我们说：“这个家伙，没有那么多书本上的智慧，但是他的街头智慧会让他走得很远。”好吧？
It means he knows how to handle himself, he knows how to deal with people.
意思是他知道如何控制自己，知道如何与人打交道。
He knows how to get the things he wants. He might not know very much about books or what's in them,
他知道如何得到他想要的东西。他可能不太了解书或书里的内容，
but he knows how to deal with the world he lives in or she lives in.
但他知道如何应对他或她生活的世界。
Whereas book smarts, a person can graduate with a PhD,
有了书中的智慧，一个人可以拿到博士学位，
and then go out into the real world to work and not know what's going on because this person lacks street smarts.
然后去现实世界工作，却不知道发生了什么，因为这个人缺乏街头智慧。
So it's good to have a combination of both if you can.
所以如果可以的话，最好是两者兼具。
If somebody is "on the ball", "on the ball" means in control, aware of the situation, ready to act in any circumstance. Okay?
如果说某人"on the ball"，"on the ball"意思是在控制中，了解局势，准备好在任何情况下采取行动。
Very prepared, very ready. If somebody was "not born yesterday"...
很有准备，准备的很好。如果说某人“不是昨天出生的”...
Not bo-... If I say: "I wasn't born yesterday", it doesn't mean I'm smart, but it means: "I'm not stupid. I wasn't born yesterday.
如果我说：“我不是昨天出生的”，意思不是说我很聪明，意思是：“我不笨。我不是昨天出生的。
I've been around long enough, I understand how things work." So: "not born yesterday", not stupid. Not necessarily smart, but not stupid.
我在这里已经很久了，我知道事情是怎么回事。”所以：“不是昨天出生的”，不是愚蠢的。不一定聪明，但不一定愚蠢。
If somebody "knows the score"... If you know the score it means you know what's going on.
如果有人“知道分数”...如果你知道分数，就意味着你知道发生了什么。
So, if we think about a base-... A basketball game or a hockey game, in the middle of the arena there's a big scoreboard.
想象一下一场棒球或者曲棍球比赛，在竞技场的中央有一个大的记分牌。
So everybody knows the score, it's right there. So if somebody says: "I know the score", it means: "I know what's going on.
所以每个人都知道分数，它就在那里。如果某人说：“我知道比分”，它的意思是：“我知道发生了什么事。”
I know the situation, I'm aware of what's happening. I can take care of it.
我很了解情况，我也知道发生了什么事。我可以处理。
I'm ready for whatever's coming." If somebody "doesn't miss a tick", it means that this person notices everything.
我已经为要发生的事做好了准备。如果某人“没有错过一次钟摆，这意思是这个人注意到了任何事情。
So this person's very sharp, he or she always knows what's going on,
所以这个人很聪明，他或她总是知道发生了什么。
sees everything that's happening, knows what everybody's doing, is very aware of the situation, very smart. Okay?
看到所有正在发生的事情，知道每个人在做什么，非常清楚情况，非常聪明。
If we say somebody's a "sharp cookie", it means smart. So: "She's a smart cookie.
如果我们说某人是很聪明的饼干，意思就是聪明。那么：“她很聪明，
She knows exactly what he's trying to do", etc. Same thing: "sharp as a tack".
她很聪明他要做什么。”同样的事情：“像图钉一样锋利”。
A tack is a little piece of metal that you put on the wall to hold the paper or whatever picture you have, you just tack it to the wall. Right?
图钉是一小块金属，你把它按在墙上，固定纸或任何你有的图片，你只要把它钉在墙上。
It's very sharp. So if you're sharp as a tack, it means you're very smart.
它非常锋利。所以如果你像图钉一样锋利，意思就是你很聪明。
Now, if you're "_____-savvy", "s-a-v-v-y", "tech-savvy", "computer-savvy", "internet-savvy",
接下来，如果你"tech-savvy", "computer-savvy", "internet-savvy"，
whatever it is you're savvy with means you're very good at, you're very knowledgeable about, you're very aware of, you know how to use, etc.
不管是savvy前加了什么，意思是你都擅长它。你具备很多这方面的知识，你非常清楚，你知道如何使用，等等。
So the most common these days is "tech-savvy". So, children today are much more tech-savvy than their grandparents
现在最常用的是“精通技术的”。今天的孩子比他们的祖父母都更懂技术，
because the children are born to a digital world, whereas the grandparents are still writing in pen and paper, so they don't know.
因为他们出生在一个电子化的世界里，而他们的祖父母仍然在用笔和纸张，所以他们不知道。
They're not tech-savvy. And you can say somebody is "quick". If somebody is quick, it means smart, very sharp, can process information very quickly.
他们不精通技术。你也可以说某人“快”。如果某人脑子快的话，意思是聪明，他可以很快地处理信息。
If somebody is a bit "slow", then a little bit dumb, not so smart. Not necessarily stupid, just not necessarily very smart either.
如果某人慢的话，那就是有点笨，不是那么聪明。不一定蠢，但是也不是很聪明。
But somebody who's quick is actually very smart. Okay?
但是脑子快的人是非常聪明的。
Now, again, very important to know how to use these and to know how to use them correctly.
现在，再次强调，知道如何使用它们以及如何正确使用它们是非常重要的。
If you're not sure, don't use it. But when you watch movies, when you watch TV shows,
如果你不确定，不要使用它。但当你看电影或电视节目时，
when you speak to native speakers and you hear these expressions, at least you know what's going on.
当你和以英语为母语的人交谈时，你听到了这些表达，至少你知道他们在说什么。
You can be on the ball, ready for whatever the conv-... Wherever the conversation leads. Okay?
你可以了解局势，跟得上人们谈论的内容。
If you have any questions about any of these, please go to www.engvid.com and ask me on the forum there.
如果你有任何关于这些的问题，请登录www.engvid.com，在那里的论坛上问我。
There's also a quiz on the site where you can test your knowledge of these expressions.
网站上还有一个小测验，你可以在那里测试你对这些表达的认识。
If you like the video, press "Like" on YouTube, and don't forget to subscribe to my channel.
如果你喜欢这个视频，请在油管上点击“喜欢”，别忘了订阅我的频道。
And I'll see you again soon with some new videos and new things to learn. Bye-bye.
下次再见，我会带一些新的视频和要学的新东西。再见。
