评论
打印
Whether you're creating the perfect voice for your next RPG character, or doing it just for fun, it can be pretty amusing to put on a different accent sometimes.
无论你是在为下个角色扮演创造完美的声音，还是仅仅为了娱乐，有时候用不同的口音说话会非常有趣。
But what if you didn't have a choice?
但如果你是别无选择呢？
What if one day, your accent totally changed to one from a place you've never lived?
如果有一天，你说话带上一种你从未生活过的地方的口音该怎么办？
And try as you might, you couldn't change it back?
你竭尽全力也没法把它改回来了？
This condition is known as foreign accent syndrome, and it's incredibly rare, but it can result from certain brain injuries or conditions.
这种情况称为“外国口音综合症”，非常罕见，但它可能由某些脑损伤或疾病所致。
A classic case of foreign accent syndrome was described by a Norwegian neurologist in 1947, and involved a Norwegian woman known as Astrid who appeared to develop a German accent.
1947年，一位挪威神经学家描述了一个典型的外国口音综合征病例，患者是一位名叫阿斯特里德的挪威女性，她似乎出现了德国口音。
In 1941, Astrid was injured by shrapnel to the head during an air raid.
1941年，阿斯特里德在一次空袭中头部被弹片击中。
Her doctor noted that Astrid didn't start speaking German; her native Norwegian accent had changed to something that sounded German.
医生注意到她并没开始说德语，但她的挪威口音却变成了德语口音。
Astrid was experiencing a phenomenon called dysprosody.
阿斯特里德正在经历一种叫做“语韵障碍”的现象。
Parts of her speech delivery such as intonation, rhythm, and the "em-PHA-sis of each sy-LLA-ble” were different from those used in Norwegian, but the content of her speech didn't change.
她话语中的部分内容，如语调、节奏和每个音节中的“重音”都与挪威语中的使用方法不同，但她说话的内容没有改变。
Her doctor also noted that the new accent actually sounded like a mix of French and German;
医生还指出，新的口音实际上听起来像是法语和德语的混合体；
further analysis of her speech patterns showed that it was a change in certain tonal features, not a bona fide foreign accent.
对她的语言模式做进一步分析后表明，这是某些音调特征的变化，而不是真正的外国口音。
The reason it sounded like one is that it takes two to tango.
听起来像一种口音，需要两个方面的交融。
The patient starts speaking differently after brain trauma...and the people listening relate that change to something they're familiar with.
患者在脑外伤后说话出现变化，而听的人把这种变化与他们熟悉的事物联系起来。
This phenomenon is known as pareidolia, where we interpret vague information as being something we recognize.
这种现象被称为空想性错视，我们把模糊的信息解释成我们认识的东西。
Like seeing a bunny in the clouds or a butterfly on an ink blot, people were interpreting Astrid's new speech pattern as a specific accent — even though her doctor's observations suggested it wasn't really.
就像在云中看到一只兔子，或在墨渍上看到一只蝴蝶。人们把阿斯特里德新的说话模式解释为一种特殊的口音，尽管医生的观察表明这并不是真的。
So what's the problem?
那问题是什么呢？
If Vikings that train dragons can sound Scottish, does it matter if Astrid sounded German?
如果训龙的维京人听起来像苏格兰人，那么阿斯特里德听起来像德国人有什么关系吗？
Well, when medical professionals think about how to treat a patient, a big factor is whether that person's daily life is affected by their condition.
医务人员考虑如何治疗患者时，一个很大的因素是患者的日常生活是否会受病情的影响。
And this new accent impacted Astrid's life in a big way.
这种新口音在很大程度上影响了阿斯特里德的生活。
She was a Norwegian who sounded German during the German occupation of Norway at the height of World War II.
她是一个挪威人，在二战最激烈的时期，德国占领挪威时，她说话的方式听起来像个德国人。
Given the isolation this caused her, it's pretty clear that she wasn't just putting on a fake accent for fun.
这让她感到孤独，很明显她不是只为了好玩才带上了假口音。
Now, there are a few different ways foreign accent syndrome can develop.
有几种不同的方法可以引发外国口音综合症。
These can include brain damage or disorders: for example, it can be seen in the aftermath of a stroke, or more chronic diseases like multiple sclerosis.
包括大脑损伤或疾病：例如，中风后或患有多发性硬化等慢性病的患者可能出现。
Some people may even experience foreign accent syndrome off and on in conjunction with severe migraines.
有些人甚至会在严重的偏头痛反复出现时，体验到外国口音综合症。
Your unique way of speaking is the result of an intricate web of pathways that connect all over your brain.
你独特的说话方式，是连接整个大脑错综复杂的通路网络的结果。
When these are damaged, the unusual speech delivery heard in foreign accent syndrome can result.
当它们受损时，就会出现外国口音综合征中所听到的不寻常的话语。
For example, Broca's Area is a region of the brain usually in the left frontal lobe that plays a major role in speech production.
例如，布罗卡区是大脑的一个区域，通常位于左额叶，在语音生成中起着主要作用。
Damage to this region can result in slurring or stuttering, and can also result in changes in the melody of speech similar to those in foreign accent syndrome, especially after a stroke.
这个区域受损会导致口齿不清或口吃，也会导致与外国口音综合征相似的言语旋律变化，特别是在中风发作之后。
But not everyone diagnosed with foreign accent syndrome has a specific brain lesion.
但并非每个被诊断患有外国口音综合征的人，都有特定的脑部病变。
Sometimes the causes can be psychological instead, related to conditions like bipolar disorders.
有时，原因可能是心理方面的，与双相情感障碍有关。
In at least one such case reported in 2007, brain imaging showed decreased activity in large areas of the brain that include speech.
在2007年报告的至少一个这样的病例中，脑成像显示包括语言在内的大片脑区的活动都减少了。
That decreased activity corresponded with roadblocks to speech delivery.
这种活动量减少与说话时的障碍相对应。
It takes a whole team of specialists to diagnose and treat this incredibly rare condition.
要诊断、并治疗这种极其罕见的疾病，需要一个专家团队。
It can be temporary or permanent — and treatments are hit or miss with highly variable success rates.
治疗可以是暂时性的，也可以是永久性的，其成功率变化幅度很大。
Studying foreign accent syndrome hasn't just helped us understand and treat these rare cases — it's produced insights into other conditions as well.
研究外国口音综合症不仅有助于我们理解和治疗这些罕见病例，还可以深入了解其他病症。
Researchers writing in the British Medical Journal in 2013 noted that children with autism spectrum disorders have been documented with accent changes that resemble foreign accent syndrome.
研究人员在2013年的《英国医学期刊》上撰文指出，患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童的口音变化类似于外国口音综合症。
And researchers are trying to work out if that's a coincidence, or if it tells us something about how the brain works in both cases.
研究人员正在研究这是否为巧合，或者它能否告诉我们大脑在这两种情况下的运作方式。
Could foreign accent syndrome develop as a consequence of autism?
自闭症会引发外国口音综合症吗？
Or is it a totally unrelated occurrence?
或者二者毫无关系？
If they are related, it could mean that what we know about foreign accent syndrome could help us map out the brain changes that occur with autism, possibly leading to new diagnostic methods and therapies.
如果它们相关，这可能意味着我们对外语口音综合症的了解，可以帮助我们找出自闭症患者大脑的变化，也许会产生新的诊断和治疗方法。
There have only been around one hundred cases of foreign accent syndrome documented since the first case was described in 1907.
自1907年第一个病例被描述出来后，只有大约100例外国口音综合症病例记录在案。
This is a rare phenomenon, and you're probably not going to wake up tomorrow with a new accent.
这是一种罕见的现象，明天你醒来时可能不会带着新口音。
But this bizarre condition illustrates that the consequences of brain disorders and damage can manifest in really unexpected ways.
但这种奇怪的病症表明，脑部疾病和损伤的后果，可能以意想不到的方式表现出来。
And our brains are so complex and interconnected that studying one, super-rare disorder can lead to a better understanding of another that affects way more people.
我们的大脑极其复杂、相互联结。研究一种超级罕见的疾病，可能使我们更好地了解另一种影响更多人的病症。
We know you guys like to stay on top of all the latest and greatest developments in science and technology.
我们知道你们想掌握所有最新、最伟大的科学技术发展动向。
That's why today, we're supported by CuriosityStream, a subscription streaming service that offers over 2,400 documentaries and nonfiction titles from some of the world's best filmmakers.
这就是Curiositystream今天给予我们支持的原因，Curiositystream是一个订阅流媒体服务，提供世界一流的电影制片人制作的2400多部纪录片和纪实性节目。
They'll help you stay on top of all kinds of fascinating topics, covering science, nature, history, technology, society and lifestyle.
它们有助于你了解各种有趣的话题，包括科学、自然、历史、技术、社会和生活方式等。
For example, if you want a recap of some of the best recent scientific discoveries, check out Top Science Stories of 2018.
例如，如果你想回顾一些最新的科学发现，请查看2018年科学届的头条故事。
From space to archaeology, it'll help you see the year in a whole new light.
从太空到考古学，它将帮助你从全新的视角审视这一年。
You can get unlimited access to CuriosityStream starting at just $2.99 a month.
每月只需支付2.99美元，就能无限访问CuriosityStream。
For SciShow Psych viewers, the first 31 days are completely free if you sign up at curiositystream.com/psych and use the promo code ‘psych' during the sign-up process.
心理科学秀的观众们，如果你到curiositystream.com/psych注册，并使用促销代码‘psych’，前31天可免费收看。
So check it out, and see if these videos satisfy your curiosity.
看看这些视频是否能满足你的好奇心。
