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This is Everyday Grammar. I'm Kaveh.
欢迎收看《每日语法》栏目，我是卡维。
And I'm Lucija.
我是露西佳。
Lucija, you seem kind of far away! We can't see you!
露西佳，你看上去离我有点远！我们看不到你！
Ah, sorry. I was there by that lamp.
啊，不好意思。我站在那个灯那边了。
Well, I'm happy you're here now. So we can talk about DEMONSTRATIVES!
哦，很高兴你现在在这儿，接下来我们谈一谈指示代词。
THIS, THAT, THOSE and THESE are DEMONSTRATIVES.
this/that/those/these都是指示代词。
DEMONSTRATIVES show where an object, event or person is in relation to the speaker.
指示代词指示宾语、时间或人物与说话者的位置关系。
Use THIS and THESE when something or someone is near the speaker.
当某物或某人和说话者的距离较近时，使用this/these，例如：
Is this David's house?
这是戴维的房子吗？
Use THAT and THOSE when something or someone is far from the speaker.
当某物或某人和说话者的距离较远时，使用that/those，例如：
Is that David's house?
那是戴维的房子吗？
When talking about events, use THIS and THESE to refer to the present, and THAT and THOSE to refer to the past.
谈论事件时，使用this/these指代事件发生在现在，that/those指代事件发生在过去，例如：
This is a fun party. (present)
这是一场有趣的派对。（现在）
That was a fun party. (past)
那是一场有趣的派对。（过去）
I'm spending these days on vacation. (present)
这些天我在度假。（现在）
I was spending those days on vacation. (past)
那些天我在度假。（过去）
This seems like an easy lesson.
看上去这期栏目的内容很简单。
That's good to hear, because DEMONSTRATIVES can actually be quite difficult to understand.
听你那么说很高兴，因为实际上指示代词很难理解，
DEMONSTRATIVES can act as pronouns or as determiners.
指示代词可以作代词或限定词。
Determiners? Yeah, a determiner is a word that comes before a noun and is used to show which thing is being referred to.
限定词？是的，限定词是出现在名词前的词，用来引出涉及到内容。
And that's Everyday Grammar.
以上就是今天节目的全部内容。
