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The founders, considered the founders of humanistic psychology in fact called it "the third force". Why the "third force"?
人本主义心理学的创始人 称之为心理学上的"第三势力" 为什么是"第三势力"
Because the first force was behaviorism. The work of Skinner (B. F. Skinner), the work of Watson (John B. Watson),
因为第一势力是行为主义 代表人物有斯金纳 华生
The work of Thorndik (Edward Thorndik). This was the first force. The second force was psychoanalysis.
桑代克 这是第一势力 第二势力是精神分析学
The work of Freud (Sigmund Freud), Jung (Carl Jung), Adler (Alfred Adler) to some extent. This was the second force. And the third force,
创建者包括弗洛伊德 荣格以及阿德勒 这是第二势力 第三势力
Humanistic psychology came as a reaction to it. First it is a reaction to behaviorism. Behaviorism looks at the human entity,
人本主义心理学作为对其的异议出现 首先是对行为主义的异议 行为主义认为人的主体性
At the person as basically a collection of behaviors as a box, like a billiard ball knocked around by reinforcements, by punishment, by reward.
认为人是一个行为集合 就像一只被击打而四处滚动的台球 被增强 奖惩驱动
And what humanistic psychology said was that we are much more than a billiard ball being knocked around. We have spirit. We have a soul.
而人本主义心理学认为 我们不只是被击打的台球 我们有精神 有灵魂
We have cognitions and thoughts that matter. It's not just behavior that is important for understanding as well as improving life. And then psychoanalysis, the second force.
我们有重要的认知与思想 不能只靠行为观察 改善人生 然后是第二势力精神分析学
The psychoanalysis is about basically understanding mostly through the subconscious: that's how you understand it; that's how you improve the quality of life.
精神分析学主要通过潜意识分析 它决定你的理解 决定如何改善生活
There are defense mechanisms, there are biological instincts, neurosis-- and if you understand these very often dark forces,
还有防卫机制 人类本能论 神经症 如果你理解这些黑暗势力
Were better able to deal with life: understand as well as improve the quality of life. Humanistic psychology says human beings are much more than that.
就能更好地处理生活 了解并改善生活质量 人本主义心理学认为人类不止如此
Much more than biological instincts, much more than neurosis, much more than the person who exists in a Newtonian reality like a billiard ball.
不仅仅是生理本能 不仅仅是神经症 不仅仅是牛顿学说世界里的台球
