评论
打印
The international financial system, as it was reconstructed after the Second World War, did not create a level playing field; it was lopsided by design. The international financial institutions — the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank — were organized as shareholding companies in which the rich countries held a disproportionate share of the votes and also controlled the boards. This put the countries at the periphery at a disadvantages vis-a-vis those at the center.
第二次世界大战后重建的国际金融体系并没有创建一个平衡的竞争环境，而是有意倾向于某—边。国际金融机构——国际货币基金组织和世界银行——按照股份制公司的模式而组建，其中的富有的成员国拥有绝对份额的表决权，他们控制着董事会，而相比之下一些边缘国家则处于劣势。
Ever since, the system has been dominated by the United States. And the Bretton Woods conference, Lord Keynes proposed but it was the head of the American delegation, Harry White, who disposed. Since then, we have gone; from an almost completely regulated system to an almost completely deregulated one but the changes were led by the United States and the system has continued to be guided by what has become known as the Washington Consensus.
从那以后，金融体系就一直处于美国的主宰之下。尽管在布雷顿森林会议上，英国凯恩斯勋爵提出了提议，但美国代表团团长哈里·怀特掌握决定权。此后，该体系从一个完全受监督的体系演变成一个几乎无监管的体系。然而这些变化由美国所主导，而该体系则继续由被称之为《华盛顿共识》的文件所引领。
Although the rules laid down by the Washington Consensus are supposed to apply to all countries equally, the United States — as the issuer of the main international currency —is more equal than the others.
虽然《华盛顿共识》所规定的规则本应平等地适用于所有成员国，但对于主要的国际货币发行国——美国似乎比其他国家更“平等”。
