3、变通后语序相同
有些中文句子按笔译作法结构可能要作大的调整,但同传时通过一定手段也可以将句子顺译下去。如:
1)争端各方应当在相互尊重独立、主权和领土完整的原则基础上,通过友好协商和谈判,寻求……(译时可以预测到“在……基础上。若将其变为动词短语follow the principle of ,则可顺译。)
The parties to the dispute should follow the principle of mutual respect for independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity and conduct friendly negotiations and consultations for…
2)中国曾经是一个长期遭受帝国主义凌辱而后获得独立的社会主义国家。(译时将“而后”译为before)
China had suffered from prolonged oppression and humiliation by the imperialists before it became independent as a socialist country.
4、汉语口语中的追加和插说
追加和插说多见于日常口语和即席发言中,但在书面语中也时有所见。所谓追加,就是把最先浮现在脑子里急于要说的部分先说出来,说完了才发现说过的话里不是说漏了一些线索,就是说得不够具体,不够准确,甚至说错了。可是说出去的话已收不回来,只能在下面作些补充、注释或更正。这种说完了又想起来的补充、注释后更正一类的话就叫追加(after thought)。补充性追加的语气和先讲部分有明显的区别,一般语调较低。如日常生活中经常听到这样的句子:
1)干嘛去呀,慌慌张张地?
Where are you going in such a hurry?
2)谁呀,你是?
Who are you?
3)几点了,现在?
What's the time now?
4)他刚回来,从家里。
He's just been back from home.
即席发言中,也有人这样讲过:
5)根据目前的预测,东亚地区将占世界进口增量的三分之一强,到90年代末。
On current projections, East Asia will account for over a third of the incremental world imports by the end of the 1990s.
不难发现,这类句子的语序和英语惊人地相似,译为英语后,次序几乎不需要作任何调整,对同声传译极为有利。
有时追加部分是定语或状语,根据汉语习惯,经常需要把关键词拿出来再重复一遍才能说清楚。同传时则正好译为英语的后置定语和状语,不用再重复关键词。如:
6)自80年代以来,在全球范围内已开始了一场以增强各国综合国力----以经济力量为中心的综合国力----的竞赛。
Since the 1980s, there have been efforts across the world to strengthen the overall national power cantered on the economic strength.
7)中国的企业也走出了国门,特别是一些企业已经在国外挂牌上市----在美国的华尔街挂牌上市。
China's enterprises have gone abroad. In particular, some enterprises have been listed at the Wall Street of the United States.