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科学美国人60秒:一些疟蚊可能更喜欢牛而不是人类

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  • This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。
  • As you've probably experienced firsthand, some mosquito species have a real taste for warm, human blood.
  • 正如大家可能亲身经历过的那样,一些蚊子喜欢温暖的人类血液。
  • So much so that if you raise them on in the lab, they'll accept no substitute.
  • 以至于如果你把它们养在实验室里,它们会拒绝替代品。
  • "Fortunately, I don't get major reactions at all."
  • “幸运的是,我完全没有感到明显的反应。”
  • Brad Main is a mosquito geneticist at U.C. Davis... and part-time mosquito meal provider.
  • 布拉德·曼恩是加州大学戴维斯分校的蚊子遗传学家和兼职蚊子食物供应商。
  • "So it's not too bad for me.
  • “所以它对我来说不是太坏。
  • But some people in the lab are itching pretty bad when they have hundreds of mosquito bites on their arms."
  • 但当实验室里有数百只蚊子在叮咬他们的胳膊时,一些人会感觉非常痒。”
  • Out in the wild, some species are less picky.
  • 在野外,一些物种没那么挑剔。
  • Take Anopheles arabiensis, common in East Africa.
  • 以东非常见的阿拉伯按蚊为例。
  • They'll feed on cattle, dogs, goats, pigs, people—wherever they can find a warm meal.
  • 它们以牛、狗、山羊、猪以及人类的血为食,它们在任何地方都能找到温暖的一餐。
  • But what Main and his colleagues wanted to know was whether the bloodsuckers' choice of victim might be genetically determined.
  • 但曼恩和他的同事们想知道的是,这些吸血动物选择的受害者是否是由基因决定的。
  • So they sequenced the genomes of 48 arabiensis mosquitoes from Tanzania which had fed on either humans or cows.
  • 所以他们在坦桑尼亚收集了48只以人或牛血液为食的阿拉伯按蚊,并对它们进行了基因组排序检测。
  • And they found that bugs with cow blood in their bellies had one partially rearranged chromosome, compared to those who'd snacked on human blood...
  • 他们发现,与吸食人类血液的蚊子相比,那些吸食牛血的蚊子的腹部有一部分细菌染色体重排,
  • which could explain the preferences in meal choices.
  • 这可以解释膳食的选择偏好。
  • The study is in the journal PLoS Genetics.
  • 这一研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆遗传学》期刊上。
  • If that genetic switch really does make cows more attractive than we are to mosquitoes,
  • 如果说这种基因转变真能使牛比我们对蚊子更具吸引力,
  • in theory we could genetically engineer them to steer clear of people.
  • 那在理论上我们可以通过基因工程来使蚊子远离人类。
  • And their cow victims don't get human malaria.
  • 而牛也不会感染人疟。
  • "It's a case of knowing your enemy.
  • “这是一个了解敌人的例子。
  • And so the better we know these mosquitoes, I think the more equipped we're going to be able to control them."
  • 我们越是了解这些蚊子,我们就越能更好地控制它们。”
  • Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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重点讲解:
1. have a taste for 喜欢;偏好;
例句:She has a taste for classic music.
她喜欢古典音乐TheRlf%.i%@%H2I]Q7
2. compared to 与…相比;和…比起来;
例句:Compared to the noisy cities, he preferred the quiet country life.
比起喧闹的大城市,他更喜欢宁静的乡村生活LW*Ky)uDK%
3. in theory 从理论上说;照理说;
例句:Your plan sounds fine in theory, but I don't know if it'll work in practice.
你的计划理论上不错,但我不知道实际上是否行得通rDUGb=W===ZYZn~
4. steer clear of 避开;躲避;绕开;
例句:I think a lot of people, women in particular, steer clear of these sensitive issues.
我认为很多人,特别是女性,都会回避这些敏感问题ewuf,74IE__,C

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重点单词   查看全部解释    
control [kən'trəul]

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n. 克制,控制,管制,操作装置
vt. 控制

 
victim ['viktim]

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n. 受害者,牺牲

 
species ['spi:ʃiz]

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n. (单复同)物种,种类

 
determined [di'tə:mind]

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adj. 坚毅的,下定决心的

 
genetically [dʒe'netikəli]

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adv. 遗传(基因)方面

 
classic ['klæsik]

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n. 古典作品,杰作,第一流艺术家
adj.

 
particular [pə'tikjulə]

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adj. 特殊的,特别的,特定的,挑剔的
n.

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experienced [iks'piəriənst]

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adj. 有经验的

 
attractive [ə'træktiv]

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adj. 有吸引力的,引起注意的

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sensitive ['sensitiv]

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adj. 敏感的,灵敏的,易受伤害的,感光的,善解人意的

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