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科学美国人60秒:病毒会控制身体对蚊虫叮咬的反应

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  • This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。
  • Chances are, you've had the opportunity to study firsthand the swollen, itchy welt left by a mosquito bite.
  • 很有可能,你会有机会研究有关肿胀的第一手资料——被蚊虫叮咬后留下的痒痕。
  • And now—scientists have too.
  • 现在,科学家们也有了这种机会。
  • "Well, we haven't studied itching yet in our laboratory studies."
  • “目前实验室研究中还没有研究过瘙痒。”
  • Clive McKimmie, an immunologist at the University of Leeds, in England.
  • 英国利兹大学的免疫学家克利夫·麦基米说道。
  • "What we've shown is the inflammation associated with bites is not good for you as a host, and it gives a virus an advantage."
  • “我们已经证明,作为宿主,叮咬诱发的炎症有害于你的身体健康,它为病毒创造了优势。”
  • To understand why, let's back up. To mosquito spit.
  • 为了了解原因,我们回到蚊子的唾液这个问题上。
  • "Now I know it's a little disgusting to think about,
  • “我知道现在思考这个有点儿恶心,
  • but when a mosquito bites you, they're spitting out quite a bit of saliva into your skin."
  • 不过蚊子在咬你时,它们会把相当多的唾液吐到你的皮肤上。”
  • That saliva can contain viruses, like zika or chikungunya.
  • 唾液中可能含有寨卡或奇昆古尼亚热病等病毒。
  • And viruses—and the tissue damage from the bite—are a rallying cry for the immune system.
  • 而病毒以及叮咬造成的组织损伤对免疫系统而言是一个战斗口号。
  • McKimmie and his colleagues studied that immune response in mice.
  • 麦基米和他的同事利用小白鼠研究了免疫反应。
  • And they found that when immune cells show up at the bite the viruses infect them,
  • 他们发现,免疫细胞会在蚊虫叮咬时出现,然后病毒就会感染这些免疫细胞,
  • and turn those immune cells into factories for further virus replication.
  • 并把这些免疫细胞变成进一步进行病毒复制的工厂。
  • "Your own immune system, which is meant to help your body defend itself against infection,
  • “你自身的免疫系统会帮助你保护你的身体免受感染,
  • seems to be inadvertently promoting an aspect of a virus infection."
  • 但似乎在不经意间促进了病毒感染的一个方面。”
  • Overall, the inflammation resulted in 10 times more virus in the mice, compared to being inoculated with the virus without a bite.
  • 一般来说,与被接种病毒、没有被叮咬的小白鼠相比,炎症导致的病毒要比其多十倍。
  • The study is in the journal Immunity.
  • 这项研究发表在《免疫》杂志上。
  • More viruses means a higher chance they'll infect your organs—and other mosquitoes too.
  • 病毒越多意味着你的器官被感染的机会就越大,其他蚊子也是这样。
  • So McKimmie says it might be worth testing a cheap anti-inflammatory—like a topical ibuprofen cream—to see if it cuts virus numbers.
  • 因此,麦基米表示,对局部布洛芬乳膏这种廉价抗炎药进行测试是非常值得的,测试的目的是看它能否减少病毒数量。
  • "You've got to remember that these infections tend to be present in parts of the world that are economically deprived.
  • “你要记住,这些感染往往出现在世界上经济贫困的地区。
  • And so we can't come up with an expensive new medication, because it's unlikely to be appropriate for that situation."
  • 所以我们不能研制昂贵的新药物,因为这不太可能适应目前的情形。
  • The real beauty of this topical treatment approach, though—if it works—is its versatility:
  • 如果起作用的话,这种局部治疗方法的真正美妙之处在于它的多功能性:
  • it zeroes in not on a specific disease, but that one thing they all have in common: the bite.
  • 它并不是针对某种特定疾病,而是针对疾病的一个共同点:叮咬。
  • Thanks for listening Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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重点讲解:
1. show up 出现;露面;
例句:Periodicity of nuclear properties began to show up.
原子核性质的周期性开始显示出来了0zrEE5N-@x;TXF0i1A
2. turn into (使)变成;(使)成为;
例句:Oil can be turned into energy by burning it.
油经过燃烧可变为能源*uA(r!ofd_y_3
3. compared to 与…相比;和…比起来;
例句:The old can really does look dated compared to the new look.
相比新的外观,原外观真的显得很陈旧jGtnao7HlZk!(C@p&PT
4. come up with 想出,提出(计划、想法等);
例句:You're the only one to come up with that answer.
你是唯一一个给我这样的答案的人E25@hiUQaXEtk
5. zero in on 全神贯注于(问题或主题);
例句:They zeroed in on the suspicious man.
他们的注意力集中在那个可疑分子身上RucX]yDcgsP,RCNrZ8t

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重点单词   查看全部解释    
immune [i'mju:n]

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adj. 免除的,免疫的

 
appropriate [ə'prəupriət]

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adj. 适当的,相称的
vt. 拨出(款项)

联想记忆
response [ri'spɔns]

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n. 回答,响应,反应,答复
n. [宗

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specific [spi'sifik]

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adj. 特殊的,明确的,具有特效的
n. 特

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overall [əuvə'rɔ:l]

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adj. 全部的,全体的,一切在内的
adv.

 
tend [tend]

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v. 趋向,易于,照料,护理

 
approach [ə'prəutʃ]

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n. 接近; 途径,方法
v. 靠近,接近,动

联想记忆
periodicity [,piəriə'disiti]

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n. 周期性;定期性;频率

 
understand [.ʌndə'stænd]

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vt. 理解,懂,听说,获悉,将 ... 理解为,认为<

 
tissue ['tiʃu:]

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n. (生物的)组织,织物,薄绢,纸巾

 

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