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欧美人文风情(视频+文本+字幕)第8篇:外国人眼中的至圣先师孔子 Confucius Biography

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  • Confucius was a Chinese philosopher of the Zhou dynasty, whose teachings of moral, social, political, and philosophical behavior and theory
  • 孔子是中国周朝的一位思想家,他在道德、社会、政治、及哲学行为与理论的教诲,
  • would later become the foundation of a system known as Confucianism.
  • 后来成为一个被称做儒家的体系其根基。
  • The teachings of Confucius was studied and written about from the time of his death until the founding of the first Chinese empire in 221 B.C.
  • 孔子的讲学从他辞世到西元前 221 年首个中国帝国建立期间被研究及写下。
  • His teachings included humanist towards others, ritual and etiquette, love of parents for their children and of children for their parents.
  • 他的教诲包括对他人的仁、仪俗及礼节、父母对子女的爱及子女对父母的爱。
  • An emphasis was placed on self-cultivation and skilled judgment,
  • 重点被放在自身修养和熟练的判断力,
  • rather than a knowledge of rules.
  • 而非对规则的了解。
  • His ethical ideals in teachings were also communicated through metaphor, innuendo, and anecdote or story.
  • 他教诲中的道德理想也透过隐喻、讽刺、轶事或故事来传递。
  • One of his most well-known teachings is—what you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.
  • 其中一个他最广为人知的教诲是--己所不欲,勿施于人。
  • Confucianism rose to prominence during the Han dynasty around 200 B.C.
  • 儒学在西元前约 200 年汉代时始达兴盛。
  • Many followers practiced his teachings as a religion.
  • 许多追随者把他的教义当作一种宗教来实践。
  • However, because it lacks a metaphysical aspect, most consider Confucianism as an influential social philosophy.
  • 然而,因为儒学缺乏一种纯哲学的面向,大多数人视儒学为一个具影响力的社会学。
  • Confucius avidly promoted an autocratic social structure.
  • 孔子热烈地提倡一个专制的社会结构。
  • In the years after his death, rulers looked to scholars of Confucianism for assistance in managing their empires and governing their people.
  • 在他逝世后,统治者靠着儒家学者来协助管理他们的帝国及统治他们的人民。
  • Confucianism was appealing to rulers who found that its principles would essentially help society become self-regulating.
  • 对于那些发现其原则实质上会帮助社会变得自律的统治者而言,儒学很吸引人。
  • These principles of behavior and their implementation are thought to have later influenced strong central rule,
  • 这些关于行为和其施行的原则被认为后来影响了中央集权统治、
  • and the absence of rigidly enforced legal structure.
  • 及严格执法体系的缺乏。
  • Confucius spent his final years teaching his followers and communicating his wisdom.
  • 孔子利用他的最后几年教导他的弟子和散播他的智慧。
  • These dialogues would eventually become a set of texts called the Five Classics.
  • 这些对话最终变成一系列称作《五经》的文本。


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概念点拨:

孔子身世:《春秋公羊传》十有一月庚子,孔子生。这是孔子当时时代的可靠古籍记载。 孔子出生于鲁国。其先世有宋国公室及殷商王室,十五世祖为宋国第二任国君微仲。六代祖孔父嘉是宋国大夫,曾为大司马,在宫廷内乱中被杀,孔父嘉子木金父避灾逃到鲁国的邹邑定居。
孔子父亲叔梁纥居于鲁昌平乡邹邑,为邹邑大夫。叔梁纥与原配施氏连出九个女儿,他望子心切,于是续娶一妾,得一子名孟皮,却脚有残疾。叔梁纥在七十二岁时三娶十八岁的颜征在,生下孔丘。为得子,叔梁纥曾在尼丘山求拜,故取名丘,字仲尼。由于孔子父母的婚姻不合礼制、被史书称为野合。

词组点拨:

「依赖、指望」- Look To
In the years after his death, rulers looked to scholars of Confucianism for assistance in managing their empires and governing their people.
在他逝世后,统治者靠着儒家学者来协助管理他们的帝国及统治他们的人民。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
legal ['li:gəl]

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adj. 法律的,合法的,法定的

联想记忆
assistance [ə'sistəns]

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n. 帮助,援助

 
essentially [i'senʃəli]

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adv. 本质上,本来

 
eventually [i'ventjuəli]

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adv. 终于,最后

 
implementation [.implimen'teiʃən]

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n. 落实,履行,安装启用

 
anecdote ['ænikdəut]

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n. 轶事,奇闻

联想记忆
innuendo [.inju'endəu]

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n. 讽刺,讥讽 vi. 说讽刺话

联想记忆
emphasis ['emfəsis]

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n. 强调,重点

 
metaphor ['metəfə]

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n. 隐喻,暗喻

联想记忆
judgment ['dʒʌdʒmənt]

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n. 裁判,宣告,该判决书

联想记忆

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