When most people think of psychotherapy, they picture patients relaxing on a sofa and spilling all of their emotions. “Tell me about your childhood,” the therapist says, taking a drag of his cigar. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings.
人们一说到心理疗法，通常都会想到这样一副画面：患者舒适地躺在沙发上，向心理医生诉尽内心情感，而旁边的医生一边抽雪茄一边说道，“谈谈你的童年吧。”实际上，展开心理疗法的情景可谓千奇百怪。
10.Sexual Surrogacy Therapy
10.性行为替代疗法
Your therapist looks deeply into your eyes, holds your hand, and kisses you passionately on the lips. This isn't a violation of the American Psychological Association's code of ethics. Kissing, and sometimes even more, is just part of the job as a sexual surrogate. Sexual surrogates are trained professionals that work with sex therapists to help people work through intimacy issues. Surrogacy goes beyond regular talk therapy; it includes activities to model appropriate romantic and sexual relationships.
你的医师满眼深情，握住你的手，与你热情激吻。要知道这种行为并不违背美国心理协会的相关行业道德规范。不单单是亲吻，即使做得更加过火也无可厚非，因为这只是一种名为性行为替代疗法的治疗手段而已。性行为替代治疗师是一群与性学专家共事、接受过相关训练的专业人员，帮助人们解决一些与亲热行为相关的问题。这种替代性疗法并不像平常的谈心疗法那样简单，它会涉及一些在医师和患者之间模拟浪漫的性关系的行为。
People may choose sexual surrogacy for many reasons, including anxiety about relationships or general sexual dysfunction. A newly widowed person struggling with dating or a war veteran returning as an amputee might practice flirting or body confidence with a surrogate. Sessions can include everything from social skills training to actual genital-to-genital contact. Surrogacy might sound like prostitution, but its therapeutic benefit seems to give it a free legal pass. The focus is not on pleasure, but on learning what appropriate sexual or relationship behavior feels like. Surrogates aim to get patients to the point where they can end therapy and forge connections on their own.
人们选择性替代疗法的原因多种多样，或许是对自己的恋情感到焦虑，或许是常见的性功能障碍问题。不论是刚刚丧偶、想要开启一段新恋情的人，抑或是在战场上惨遭截肢的老兵都可以借助这种方法提升调情技巧、增加自身魅力。性行为替代疗法的内容也很丰富，不仅可以锻炼你的社交技能，也能为你提供真正的性接触治疗。替代疗法听起来或许有些像乱交，但其治疗效果似乎为它争得了合法性。这种疗法的关键不在于享受，而是让人们了解到什么样的性行为或亲密关系才是合适的。性行为替代治疗师的目标就在于让患者能自己建立人际关系，享受社交乐趣。
9.马背疗法
Horseback riding is no longer a luxury for the rich. The impressive size and emotionally intelligent nature of the horse makes it an excellent therapy partner for troubled youth, drug addicts, and people with disabilities. Learning to care for and ride these gentle giants can be a way to develop important coping skills like self-confidence and patience. Therapy with a horse feels more like fun than work, so patients may feel more open to growth as they learn to take care of both themselves and of their animal friend.
对于有钱人来说，骑马早已不再是一件奢侈的事。马儿身型庞大、天性友好，对于问题少年、瘾君子和残疾人而言，它是绝佳的治疗伙伴。学习照顾和驾驭这些温柔的大家伙有助于人们培养一些重要的应对技能，如自信心和耐性。在马儿的陪伴下所开展的心理治疗使人感觉更像是一项娱乐活动。在这种情况下，随着病人逐渐学会照顾自己和这些动物朋友，他们也会更顺利地成长。
Because horses can weigh up to 900 kilograms (2,000 lb) and are easily frightened, patients get a hands-on education in overcoming fears. Anger and anxiety have no place in the saddle, so troubled youth and others struggling with those emotions may find that working with a horse helps to form new patterns of positive behavior. Caring for the horse and its equipment, or even learning to conquer the fear of riding, can be a powerful metaphor for other challenges in life.
马儿体重最多可达900千克（2000磅）并且容易受惊，所以患者们需要临时接受相关训练以克服对马儿的恐惧。一旦坐在马鞍之上，所有的愤怒和焦虑都会瞬间消失，因此问题少年或者那些深受不良情绪困扰的人或许会发现，马儿的陪伴有助于他们变得更加乐观积极。照料好马儿和骑马的用具，甚至只是克服自身对骑马的恐惧都会为患者今后从容应对生活的各种挑战打下良好的基础。
Horses aren't the only animals helping people figure out their feelings; elephants, dolphins, monkeys, and many other animals have been used in therapeutic or service settings.
而马儿并不是唯一具有这种神奇功能的动物。大象、海豚、猴子以及许多其他动物均已被广泛应用于心理治疗领域。
8.裸体疗法
While now a forgotten art, baring bodies and souls in nude therapy sessions was all the rage in the late 1960s. At the forefront of this movement was Paul Bindrim, an offbeat psychologist who believed nakedness allowed people to shake off the social expectations created by clothing and to deal directly with their most private emotions. During group therapy events, Bindrim preached that by shedding shirts and ties, people could explore repressed thoughts, heal marriage troubles, and achieve “peak experiences,” a euphoric state of being attained only through self-actualization.
尽管现如今已是一门被遗忘的艺术，但是暴露身体、袒露心扉在上世纪60年代末却是裸体疗法中风靡一时的做法。这场运动的积极倡导者，保罗·宾迪曼（Paul Bindrim），是一个标新立异的心理学家。他相信裸体让人摆脱由服装带来的社会期望，并直接应对最私密的情绪。在集体治疗活动期间，宾迪曼宣扬通过脱掉衬衫和领带，人们可以探索遭到压抑的思想、医治婚姻问题、达到“高峰体验”，这种愉快状态只有通过自我实现才能达到。
Nude truth-seekers would delight in spending several days revealing their deepest secrets in facilitated exercises designed by Bindrim to promote trust and openness. Activities included everything from deeply gazing into a partner's eyes to scrutinizing each others' genitals in an exercise called “crotch eyeballing.” Bindrim taught that true freedom from negative thoughts could only be achieved once a person could expose her most private motivations and parts. Staring directly into what he believed was the root of all repression was a means to do this. Groups of participants swam, meditated, hugged, and expressed rage, all in their birthday suits.
赤裸着身体追寻真理的人喜欢花上几天时间用宾迪曼设计的促进练习来展现自己最深的秘密，提升信任与公开的程度。这些活动无所不有，包括深深地凝视伴侣的眼睛，以及仔细查看对方的生殖器——这种活动被称作“打量裆部”。宾迪曼教导说，一旦一个人可以展现她最隐密的动机及其身体部位，消极想法中真正的自由才能实现。他认为这个部位是所有压抑的根源，直视这里是做到这一点的一种办法。众多参与者们都一丝不挂地游泳、冥想、拥抱，或者愤怒。
As the socially liberal climate of the 1960s dwindled, so did the popularity of nude therapy. Bindrim felt the sting of conservative critics, but his naked marathon programs seemed to fall out of favor due to changing times as opposed to any wrongdoing. Those seeking nude therapy today aren't out of luck. The Human Awareness Institute in California offers participants courses in intimacy and sexuality, some with the option of ditching clothes in search of personal purpose.
因为上世纪60年代的社会自由风气衰落了，所以裸体疗法未得以普及。宾迪曼感受到保守派批评家的刺痛，但他的裸体马拉松项目失宠似乎是由于时代的变迁，而不是任何不当行为。那些寻求裸体疗法的人们现如今并非不走运。人类意识研究所在加利福尼亚州为学员提供亲密关系和性方面的课程，其中有一些人选择抛弃衣服探索个人意义。
审校：Amy.L 编辑：Freya然 校对：落花生
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