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Business
商业
European Industry
欧洲工业
A green and level field
一个绿色的平等的领域
Europe's firms size up the prospect of a carbon tariff.
欧洲企业评估征收碳关税的前景。
Since the EU launched its emissions trading system in 2005, industries have followed divergent greenhouse-gas trajectories. The power sector has cut them by half. Among cement- and steelworkers, which got free allowances for four-fifths of their exhausts to stop the shift of production abroad, they have barely budged.
自从欧盟在2005年启动碳排放交易体系以来，各个行业都在遵循不同的温室气体排放方案。电力部门已将碳排放削减了一半。在水泥和钢铁行业中，为了避免生产转移到国外，他们五分之四的排气量能够获得免费补贴，因此他们在碳排放上几乎没有让步。
The European Commission wants to end this handout. Last month the EU’s executive arm proposed new rules to help the bloc meet its goal of cutting emissions by 55% from levels in 1990 by 2030. One proposal would withdraw free allowances for producers of aluminium, cement, fertiliser, iron and steel, and levy import tariffs on these products based on their carbon content. This “carbon border adjustment mechanism” (CBAM) aims to level the playing field. If Europe’s steel mills must pay for the carbon they spew, so will their Chinese rivals selling to the EU.
欧盟委员会希望结束这种补贴。上个月，欧盟执行机构提出了新的规定，以帮助欧盟实现到2030年的减排目标，即温室气体排放量在1990年的基础上减少55%。其中一项提议是取消对铝、水泥、化肥、钢铁生产商的免费补贴，并根据这些产品的碳含量征收进口关税。这种“碳边界调整机制”(CBAM)旨在创造公平的竞争环境。如果欧洲的钢铁厂必须为它们排放的碳买单，那么他们的中国竞争对手也将如此。
The EU plan is just that for now. It needs the nod from the European Parliament and member states. China says it violates World Trade Organisation rules; others may challenge it. If enacted, CBAM would not start until 2026 and take a decade to roll out. Still, it is a test case that governments and firms elsewhere will study.
欧盟的计划只是暂时的。它需要得到欧洲议会和成员国的同意。中国称其违反了世界贸易组织规则；其他国家可能会对此提出质疑。如果计划通过，CBAM要到2026年才开始实施，并需要10年时间才能推广。尽管如此，这仍然是一个值得其他地区政府和企业研究的初步案例。
ICIS, a research firm, predicts that by 2030 CBAM-covered companies will receive 145m fewer tonnes of annual allowances than they would have done. That adds up to about 12bn euro ($14.2bn) a year, or 2% of the newly covered sectors’ sales, according to the commission’s forecasts. Four-fifths of the burden will fall on steel and cement.
研究公司ICIS预测，到2030年，CBAM覆盖的公司每年获得的补贴量将比原来少1.45亿吨。根据欧盟委员会的预测，这总共约每年120亿欧元(142亿美元)，占新覆盖行业销售额的2%。五分之四的责任将落在钢铁和水泥行业身上。
译文由可可原创，仅供学习交流使用，未经许可请勿转载。
