rapprochement
【考法 1】 n. 和睦，友好： establishment of or state of having cordial relations
【例】 an era of rapprochement betweenChina and Russia 中俄两国睦邻友好关系的新纪元
【近】 amity,communion, concord, fellowship, harmony, rapport
【反】 animosity, antagonism, antipathy, bitterness, enmity, hostility, jaundice, rancor 敌意
rapscallion
【考法 1】 n. 流氓，恶棍：a mean, evil, or unprincipled person
【例】 an unsafe place frequented by drunkards and rapscallions 一个酒鬼和流氓经常造访的不安全的地方
【近】 brute, devil, evildoer, fiend, knave, miscreant, rascal, reprobate, rogue, savage, scamp, varlet, wretch
【反】 saint 圣人；cavalier, chevalier （尤指对女士）彬彬有礼的绅士
rapt
【考法 1】 adj. 狂喜的： experiencing or marked by overwhelming usually pleasurable emotion
【例】 a rock band that still attracts rapt crowds 一个仍然拥有者狂热粉丝的乐队
【近】 elated, elevated, enraptured, entranced, euphoric, exhilarated, intoxicated, rapturous, rhapsodic
【反】 crestfallen, dejected, depressed 沮丧的；doleful, gloomy, melancholy, mournful, woeful 哀伤的
【考法 2】 adj. 全神贯注的：deeply absorbed; engrossed
【例】 With a mixture of delight and awe, the rapt children stared at the chick in the incubator breaking out of its shell. 怀着愉快和敬畏的复杂心理，孩子们全神贯注地盯着孵化箱中的小鸡破壳而出。
【近】 absorbed, concentrated, deep, engrossed, enthralled, focused, immersed, intent, observant
【反】 absent, abstracted, distracted, inattentive 不专心的；apathetic, disinterested, unconcerned 冷漠的，不关心的
rash
【考法 1】 adj. 草率的，仓促的： marked by or proceeding from undue haste or lack of deliberation or caution
【例】 That was too rash a move: for now you've lost your bishop and probably the whole chess game. 那 一 招棋着实是太草率了，现在你丢掉了象，很有可能会输掉整场比赛。
【近】 cursory, gadarene, headlong, hurried, overhasty, precipitate, precipitous, rushed
【反】 deliberate 慎重考虑的；leisurely, unhurried, unrushed 从容不迫的，不慌不忙的
【派】 rashly adv. 草率地，仓促地
rarefy
【考法 1】 vt. 使稀薄： to make rare, thin, porous, or less dense: to expand without the addition of matter
【例】 rarefy the air 使空气变得稀薄
【近】 attenuate, dilute, thin
【反】 concentrate, condense 使稠密，浓缩
【派】 rarefaction n. 稀薄，稀疏
raspy
【考法 1】 adj. 声音刺耳的： harsh and dry in sound
【例】 The dying man was speaking in a raspy and barely discernible voice. 将死的人在用一种沙哑刺耳且难以
听清的语调说话。
【近】 cacophonous, coarse, croaky, harsh, grating, gravelly, gruff, husky, rasping, rusty, scratchy, throaty
【反】 mellifluous, sweet 声音甜美的；gentle, soft, tender 声音轻柔的
【考法 2】 adj. 容易生气的： easily irritated or annoyed
【例】 Overwork tends to make him raspy. 过度的工作让他变得烦躁易怒。
【近】 choleric, fiery, grouchy, irascible, peevish, pettish, petulant, prickly, ratty, testy
【反】 agreeable, amiable, good-natured, good-tempered, well-disposed 脾气性格好的
ratify
【考法 1】 vt. （官方地）认可，批准： to give official acceptance of as satisfactory
【例】 Lincoln's home state of Illinois was the first to ratify the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which provided for the abolition of slavery. 林肯的老家——伊利诺伊是美国第一个通过《宪法第十三修正案》的州，该决
案提供了废除奴隶制的法律基础。
【近】 accredit, approbate, authorize, certify, endorse, finalize, formalize, pass, sanction, validate, warrant
【反】 decline, deny, disallow, disapprove, negative, reject, veto 否决
【派】 ratification n. 正式批准
ratiocination
【考法 1】 n. 推理： the thought processes that have been established as leading to valid solutions to problems
【例】 As an expert in ratiocination, the detective Sherlock Holmes has few rivals. 作为推理专家，大侦探福尔摩斯可谓无人能及。
【近】 deduction, intellection, reason, reasoning, sense
ration
【考法 1】 n. 定额供应量，配给量： an amount allotted or made available especially from a limited supply
【例】 The meat ration was down to one pound per person per week. 肉的人均供给量降至了每周一磅。
【近】 allotment, allowance, apportionment, portion, provision, quota, share
【考法 2】 vt. 按比例分配： to give as a share or portion
【例】 The region has had to ration water during times of drought. 干旱时该地区不得不按比例分配水资源。
【近】 allocate, allot, allow, apportion, assign, distribute, lot
【反】 keep, retain, withhold 扣留，拒接给予
rational
【考法 1】 adj. 合乎逻辑的： consistent with or based on reason; logical
【例】 He insisted there was a rational explanation for the strange creaking noises and that there were no such things as ghosts. 他坚持认为奇怪的咯吱声一定有一个合理的解释，而不是所谓的鬼在作怪。
【近】analytic, coherent, consequent, logical, reasonable, sensible, sound, valid, well-founded, well-grounded
【反】illogical, incoherent, inconsequent, invalid, irrational, unreasonable, unsound, weak 不合逻辑的
【考法 2】 adj. 理性的： based on sound reasoning or information
【例】 Betting all of your savings on the lottery is not a rational move. 把你所有的存款赌在彩票上可不是一个理智的决定。
【近】 commonsensical, firm, informed, just, justified, levelheaded, sober, solid
【反】 groundless, unfounded, unjustified 无理由的，无根据的
【派】 rationalize v. 使合理化；找借口