descend

【考法1】v. 下降：to lead or extend downward

【例】thepathway descends to the river bank 通道一直向下延伸到河岸

【近】dip, fall,plunge, sink

【考法2】v. 世代相传：to originate or come from an ancestral stock or source, to pass byinheritance

【例】The househas descended through four generations. 这座房子已经传了四代。a tradition descending

from colonial days 殖民时期传递下来的一项传统

descendant

【考法1】n. 后代：one deriving directly from a precursor or prototype

【例】They aredescendants of the original English and Scottish settlers. 他们是最早一批英格兰和苏格兰定

居者的后裔。

【反】forbears 祖先

desecrate

【考法1】vt. 亵渎，玷污：to treat (a sacred place or object) shamefully or with greatdisrespect

【例】desecratethe shrine 亵渎圣地

【近】defile,profane, violate

【反】sanctify,revere, hallow 尊敬，视为神圣

desiccate

【考法1】vt. 使（食物）脱水以保存，使干燥：to preserve (a food) by drying

【例】add a cupof desiccated coconut to the mix 加一杯椰蓉进行搅拌

【近】damp,dampen, deaden, devitalize, enervate, dehydrate

【反】add waterto, hydrate, drench 加水，浸透

【派】desiccantn. 干燥剂：a dryingagent (as calcium chloride)

【考法2】v. 缺乏活力：to deprive of emotional or intellectual vitality

【例】thathistorian's dryasdust prose desiccates what is actually an exciting period inEuropean history 那

位历史学家枯燥无味的散文让欧洲一段扣人心弦的历史变得乏味单调

【近】castrate,dampen, deaden, devitalize, enervate

【反】energize,enliven, invigorate, stimulate, vitalize 使生机勃勃

designate

【考法1】adj. 任命的，指定的：to pick (someone) by one'sauthority for a specific position or duty

【例】ambassadordesignate 即将上任的大使

despicable

【考法1】adj. 令人鄙视的：arousing or deserving ofone's loathing and disgust

【例】evenwithin the prison population, pedophiles are regarded as particularlydespicable 即使在囚犯内部，

恋童癖者也被认为极其让人鄙视的。

【近】contemptible,detestable, dishonorable

【反】admirable,commendable, creditable, meritorious, praiseworthy 值得赞扬的

【考法2】adj. 不荣耀的，不得体的：not following or inaccordance with standards of honor and decency

【例】the cad'sdespicable behavior toward women 公车售票员对女性不得体的举动

【近】currish,dirty, execrable, ignominious, sordid, wretched

【反】honorable,lofty, noble, upright, venerable, virtuous 崇高的

despise

【考法1】vt. 极其不喜欢：to dislike strongly

【例】I despiseanchovies on pizza, and I refuse to eat them. 我鄙视在披萨上的凤尾鱼，所以从来不吃。

【近】abhor,abominate, detest, execrate, loathe, disregard, flout

【反】love 喜欢

despotic

【考法1】adj. 专制的，暴虐的：arbitrary, autocratic,monocratic, tyrannical

【例】a despotictyrant 专制的暴君

【近】authoritative, dictatorial, imperious, overbearing, peremptory, tyrannous

desultory

【考法1】adj. 无计划、无目的的：lacking a definite plan,purpose, or pattern

【例】adesultory search for something of interest on TV 漫无目的的换台

【近】digressive, excursive, meandering, rambling, wandering

【反】carefullyplanned, strictly methodical, assiduous 精心计划的，有系统的，勤勉的

【考法2】adj. 令人失望的：disappointing in progress,performance, or quality

【例】adesultory fifth place finish 让人失望的第五名

detach

【考法1】vt. 分离：to separate or unfasten; disconnect

【例】Detach thewhite part of the application form and keep it. 撕下申请表的白色部分并予以保留。