评论
打印
VII. Strengthening International Energy Cooperation Across the Board
七、全方位加强能源国际合作
China bases international cooperation on the principle of mutual benefit and win-win results while embracing the concept of green development. It is endeavoring to ensure energy security in an open environment, open its energy sector wider to the world, promote high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, actively engage in global energy governance, guide global cooperation in climate change, and build a global community of shared future.
中国践行绿色发展理念，遵循互利共赢原则开展国际合作，努力实现开放条件下能源安全，扩大能源领域对外开放，推动高质量共建“一带一路”，积极参与全球能源治理，引导应对气候变化国际合作，推动构建人类命运共同体。
1. Opening the Energy Sector Further to the World
（一）持续深化能源领域对外开放
China is committed to a stable global energy market and is opening its energy sector wider to the world. It has greatly eased market access for foreign investment, and has built a market-based international business environment that respects the rule of law to facilitate free trade and investment. It has adopted pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list, reducing restrictions on access to the energy sector for foreign investment. It has lifted the restrictions for foreign investment to enter the sectors of coal, oil, gas, electric power (excluding nuclear power), and new energy. It is promoting the energy industry in pilot free trade zones such as Guangdong, Hubei, Chongqing and Hainan, and supports further opening up of the entire oil and gas industry in the China (Zhejiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone. International energy companies such as ExxonMobil, GE, BP, EDF and SIEMENS are steadily expanding investment in China. Major foreign investment projects such as Tesla's Shanghai plant are well under way. Foreign-funded gas stations are spreading.
中国坚定不移维护全球能源市场稳定，扩大能源领域对外开放。大幅度放宽外商投资准入，打造市场化法治化国际化营商环境，促进贸易和投资自由化便利化。全面实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度，能源领域外商投资准入限制持续减少。全面取消煤炭、油气、电力（除核电外）、新能源等领域外资准入限制。推动广东、湖北、重庆、海南等自由贸易试验区能源产业发展，支持浙江自由贸易试验区油气全产业链开放发展。埃克森美孚、通用电气、碧辟、法国电力、西门子等国际能源公司在中国投资规模稳步增加，上海特斯拉电动汽车等重大外资项目相继在中国落地，外资加油站数量快速增长。
2. Promoting Energy Cooperation Among BRI Countries
（二）着力推进共建“一带一路”能源合作
China follows the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, and pursues open, green and clean governance in its energy cooperation with BRI countries towards high-standard, people-centered and sustainable goals. It attempts to bring benefits to more countries and their people while maintaining its own development trajectory, and to create conditions favorable to further common development.
中国秉持共商共建共享原则，坚持开放、绿色、廉洁理念，努力实现高标准、惠民生、可持续的目标，同各国在共建“一带一路”框架下加强能源合作，在实现自身发展的同时更多惠及其他国家和人民，为推动共同发展创造有利条件。
Pragmatic and mutually beneficial energy cooperation. China engages in extensive cooperation with over 100 countries and regions around the world in terms of energy trade, investment, industrial capacity, equipment, technology, and standard setting. The high standards of Chinese enterprises are much sought after by partner countries for their energy projects, which help to turn local resource advantages into development strengths. They will also drive technical progress in these countries, create more jobs, stimulate the economy, and improve people's lives. In this way China and its BRI partners will grow together by leveraging and incorporating their respective strengths. China builds cooperation with countries and large transnational corporations in the field of clean energy through third-party markets, to create an energy cooperation framework which is open, transparent, inclusive, and mutually beneficial. In 2019, China established Belt and Road energy partnerships with 30 countries.
推动互利共赢的能源务实合作。中国与全球100多个国家、地区开展广泛的能源贸易、投资、产能、装备、技术、标准等领域合作。中国企业高标准建设适应合作国迫切需求的能源项目，帮助当地把资源优势转化为发展优势，促进当地技术进步、就业扩大、经济增长和民生改善，实现优势互补、共同发展。通过第三方市场合作，与一些国家和大型跨国公司开展清洁能源领域合作，推动形成开放透明、普惠共享、互利共赢的能源合作格局。2019年，中国等30个国家共同建立了“一带一路”能源合作伙伴关系。
A silk road with green energy. China is the largest renewable energy market and the largest clean energy equipment manufacturer in the world. It is actively working towards green and low-carbon global energy transition by engaging in extensive cooperation in renewable energy. Its efforts can be seen in cooperation projects such as the Kaleta hydropower project in Guinea, the Kaposvar PV power station project in Hungary, the Mozura wind park project in Montenegro, Noor Energy 1 – the CSP+PV solar power project in Dubai of the UAE, the Karot hydropower project and the first phase of the solar PV power project in the Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park in Pakistan. The wide application of renewable energy technologies in the Chinese market is helping to reduce the cost of renewable energy across the globe and accelerate the green transition process.
建设绿色丝绸之路。中国是全球最大的可再生能源市场，也是全球最大的清洁能源设备制造国。积极推动全球能源绿色低碳转型，广泛开展可再生能源合作，如几内亚卡雷塔水电项目、匈牙利考波什堡光伏电站项目、黑山莫茹拉风电项目、阿联酋迪拜光热光伏混合发电项目、巴基斯坦卡洛特水电站和真纳光伏园一期光伏项目等。可再生能源技术在中国市场的广泛应用，促进了全世界范围可再生能源成本的下降，加速了全球能源转型进程。
Greater energy infrastructure connectivity. China is promoting transnational and cross-regional energy infrastructure connectivity, creating conditions for complementary cooperation and reciprocal trade in energy resources. A batch of landmark energy projects such as the China-Russia, China-Central Asia and China-Myanmar oil and gas pipelines have been completed and brought into operation. China has now connected its grid with the power grids of seven neighboring countries, giving a strong boost to energy infrastructure connectivity and realizing optimal allocation of energy resources on a larger scale, which facilitates economic cooperation within the region.
加强能源基础设施互联互通。积极推动跨国、跨区域能源基础设施联通，为能源资源互补协作和互惠贸易创造条件。中俄、中国－中亚、中缅油气管道等一批标志性的能源重大项目建成投运，中国与周边7个国家实现电力联网，能源基础设施互联互通水平显著提升，在更大范围内促进能源资源优化配置，促进区域国家经济合作。
Wider global energy access. China actively implements the UN sustainable development goal of ensuring "access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all". It also takes an active part in global cooperation on expanding energy access. To improve energy access in partner countries and benefit ordinary people, China has employed multiple financing methods to develop electric power projects using grid-connected, microgrid, or off-grid solar systems according to local conditions, and donated clean cooking stoves to regions still using traditional cooking fuels.
提高全球能源可及性。积极推动“确保人人获得负担得起的、可靠和可持续的现代能源”可持续发展目标的国内落实，积极参与能源可及性国际合作，采用多种融资模式为无电地区因地制宜开发并网、微网和离网电力项目，为使用传统炊事燃料的地区捐赠清洁炉灶，提高合作国能源普及水平，惠及当地民生。
3. Actively Participating in Global Energy Governance
（三）积极参与全球能源治理
As a staunch supporter of multilateralism, China builds bilateral and multilateral energy cooperation based on mutual benefit and win-win results. It supports the role of the International Energy Agency (IEA) and relevant cooperation mechanisms in global energy governance, promotes global energy market stability and supply security, and the green energy transition within the framework of international multilateral cooperation, and contributes ideas and solutions to the sustainable development of global energy.
中国坚定支持多边主义，按照互利共赢原则开展双多边能源合作，积极支持国际能源组织和合作机制在全球能源治理中发挥作用，在国际多边合作框架下积极推动全球能源市场稳定与供应安全、能源绿色转型发展，为促进全球能源可持续发展贡献中国智慧、中国力量。
Engagement in multilateral energy governance. China is an active participant in international energy cooperation under multilateral mechanisms such as the UN, G20, APEC and BRICS. It is making positive progress in joint research, releasing reports and founding agencies. China has set up intergovernmental energy cooperation mechanisms with over 90 countries and regions, and established ties with over 30 international organizations and multilateral mechanisms in the energy sector. Since 2012, China has become a member state of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), an observer country to the Energy Charter Treaty, and an affiliate of the IEA.
融入多边能源治理。积极参与联合国、二十国集团、亚太经合组织、金砖国家等多边机制下的能源国际合作，在联合研究发布报告、成立机构等方面取得积极进展。中国与90多个国家和地区建立了政府间能源合作机制，与30多个能源领域国际组织和多边机制建立了合作关系。2012年以来，中国先后成为国际可再生能源署成员国、国际能源宪章签约观察国、国际能源署联盟国等。
A facilitator in regional energy cooperation. China has built regional energy cooperation platforms with ASEAN, the League of Arab States, African Union, and Central and Eastern Europe, and organized forums on clean energy at the East Asia Summit. It has also facilitated capacity building and cooperation on technological innovation and provided training for 18 countries in clean energy use and energy efficiency.
倡导区域能源合作。搭建中国与东盟、阿盟、非盟、中东欧等区域能源合作平台，建立东亚峰会清洁能源论坛，中国推动能力建设与技术创新合作，为18个国家提供了清洁能源利用、能效等领域的培训。
