1.paternalism n．家长式统治；家长主义(a policy or practice of treating or governing people in a fatherly manner especially by providing for their needs without giving them rights or responsibilities)

词根记忆：来自paternal(a．父亲的)

例：These men's paternalism toward African Americans was racist.

同根词：patriarchal(a．家长的，族长的)

2.paternity n．父权(the quality or state of being a father);父系，父系后裔(origin or descent from a father)

词根记忆：pater(父亲)+nity--父权；父系

例：Most European countries offer a variety of programs to assist working parents, including paid maternity and paternity leaves, financial allowances for families with children, and subsidized public nurseries and kindergartens.

同根词：paternal (a．父亲的；父亲般的)

3.pathogenic a．【医】病原的，致病的(causing or capable of causing disease)

词根记忆：path(病)+gen（产生）+ ic--能致病的--病原的

同根词：pathology(n．病理学)

4.patriarchal a．家长的，族长的(of, relating to, or being a patriarch or patriarchy)

词根记忆：patri(父亲)+arch(统治者)+al（…的）--父亲统治--家长的

例：They felt their status as working women gave them a certain degree of independence from the patriarchal family.

同根词：patriarchy(n．父权制：家长统治)

5.patriotic a．爱国的，有爱国心的(feeling expressing, or inspired by love for one's country)

例：The principal ingredients of a civic education were literacy and the inculcation of patriotic and moral virtues.

同根词：patriotism(n.爱国主义，爱国心)

6.patriotism n.爱国主义，爱国心（love for or devotion to one's country）

例：The nation's three military academies have seen a dramatic rise in applications, fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies.

同根词：patriotic(a．爱国的)

7.patrol v./n.巡逻，巡查（to go the rounds)

记：和petrol(n．汽油)一起记

例：There is a large contingent of armed guards patrolling the country's borders.

8.patron n.赞助者(benefactor)；顾客(customer)

例：In general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips than do those who pay by credit card.

派生词：patronage(n．赞助；惠顾)：patronize(v.资助)

9.payroll n．薪金名单；工资总额(a list of employees receiving wages or salaries, with the amounts due to each; the total sum of money to be paid out to employees at a given time)

分拆记忆：pay(支付)+roll(名单)--薪金名单

例：They tried to reduce their payroll expenses and save money.