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现代大学英语精读(第2版)第三册:U9B The International Language of Gestures(2)

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If you watch television with the sound turned off, or observe a conversation at a distance, you become aware of almost constant motion, especially with the hands and arms. People wave their arms, they shrug, they waggle their fingers, they point, they scratch their chests, and they pick their noses.

如果你看电视时把声音关掉,或在远处观察一次对话,你就会注意到那些几乎不间断的动作,尤其是手和臂的运动。人们挥动手臂、耸肩膀、摆动手指、指向某处、抓挠胸脯或者抠鼻子。
These various activities can be divided into three major categories: manipulators, emblems, and illustrators.
这些各种各样的动作可以划分为三大类型:操纵性动作、象征性动作与说明性动作。
In a manipulator, one part of the body, usually the hands, rubs, picks, squeezes, cleans or otherwise grooms some other part. These movements have no specific meaning. Manipulators generally increase when people become uncomfortable or occasionally when they are totally relaxed.
操纵性动作是指用身体的某个部位的动作,通常是用手,做出摩擦、抠、挤压、清洁或者清理身体其他某个部位的动作。这些动作并没有具体的含义。当人们感到不适或偶尔完全放松时,操纵性动作一般都会增加。
An emblem is a physical act that can fully take the place of words. Nodding the head up and down in many cultures is a substitute for saying "Yes." Raising the shoulders and turning the palms upward clearly means "I don't know," or "I'm not sure."
象征性动作是一种能够完全代替言语的身体行为。在许多文化中,上下点头都表示“是”的意思。耸肩的同时双掌朝上明显表示“我不知道”或者“我不确定”。
Illustrators are physical acts that help explain what is being said but have no meaning on their own. Waving the arms, raising or lowering the eyebrows, snapping the fingers and pounding the table may enhance or explain the words that accompany them, but they cannot stand alone. People sometimes use illustrators as a pantomime or charade, especially when they can't think of the right words, or when it's simply easier to illustrate, as in defining "zigzag" or explaining how to tie a shoe.
说明性动作是本身没有含义但可以用来解释所说的话的身体行为。挥动手臂、扬起或使眼眉低垂、打响指和敲桌子都可以用来加强或解释伴随这些动作的话语,但这些动作本身并不能单独使用。人们有时用说明性动作来表现某种意义或动作,尤其是当他们想不出合适的词语,或者用动作更容易说明问题的时候,比如在解释“Z字形”的意思或如何系鞋带的时候。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
enhance [in'hɑ:ns]

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vt. 提高,加强,增加

 
occasionally [ə'keiʒənəli]

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adv. 偶尔地

 
conversation [.kɔnvə'seiʃən]

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n. 会话,谈话

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specific [spi'sifik]

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adj. 特殊的,明确的,具有特效的
n. 特

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shrug [ʃrʌg]

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n. 耸肩
v. 耸肩

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accompany [ə'kʌmpəni]

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vt. 陪伴,伴随,给 ... 伴奏
vi.

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observe [əb'zə:v]

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v. 观察,遵守,注意到
v. 评论,庆

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manipulator

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n. 操纵器,调制器;操作者

 
substitute ['sʌbstitju:t]

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n. 代替者,代用品
vt. 用 ... 代替

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relaxed [ri'lækst]

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adj. 放松的, 松懈的,随意的 relax的过去式(

 

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