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Why do old people dislike new music? As I've grown older, I often hear people my age say things like, "They just don't make good music like they used to." Why does this happen? Luckily, psychology can give us some insights into this puzzle. Musical taste begins crystallized as early as age 13 or 14. By the time we're in our early 20s, these tastes get locked into place pretty firmly.
为什么老年人讨厌新音乐？随着我慢慢变老，我经常听到我这个年龄的人说：“音乐人只是不像以前那样制作好的音乐。”为什么会这样？幸运的是，心理学可以给我们一些关于这个谜题的见解。音乐品味最早在13岁或14岁就开始结晶。到我们20多岁的时候，音乐品味已经被牢牢地锁定在了一个地方。
In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening to new music. Meanwhile, popular songs released when you're in your early teens are likely to remain quite popular among your age group for the rest of your life.
事实上，研究发现，当我们33岁的时候，我们大多数人已经停止听新音乐。同时，在你这个年龄段的人余生很可能会一直喜欢在你十几岁的时候发行的流行歌曲。
There could be a biological explanation for this, as there's evidence that the brain's ability to make subtle distinctions between different chords, rhythms, and melodies deteriorate with age. So to older people, newer, less familiar songs might all sound the same.
这可能有生物学上的解释，因为有证据表明大脑对不同的和弦、节奏和旋律进行细微区分的能力会随着年龄的增长而退化。所以对老年人来说，新的、不太熟悉的歌曲听起来可能都一样。
But there're maybe some simpler reasons for older people's aversion to new music. One of the most researched laws of social psychology is something called the "mere exposure effect", which in essence means that the more we're exposed to something, the more we tend to like it.
但是，老年人对新音乐的厌恶可能有一些简单的原因。社会心理学研究最多的规律之一是所谓的“纯粹接触效应”，这实质上意味着我们与某物接触越多，我们就越喜欢它。
This happens with people we know, the advertisements we see, and the songs we listen to.
这发生在我们认识的人身上，发生在我们看到的广告上，发生在我们听到的歌曲上。
When you're in your early teens, you probably spend a fair amount of time listening to music or watching music videos. Your favorite songs and artists become familiar, comforting parts of your routine.
当你十几岁的时候，你可能会花很多时间听音乐或看音乐录影带。你最喜欢的歌曲和艺术家变成你的日常生活中熟悉且安慰的一部分。
For many people over 30, job and family obligations increase, so there's less time to spend discovering new music. Instead, many will simply listen to old, familiar favorites from that period of their lives when they had more free time.
对于很多30岁以上的人来说，工作和家庭义务增加，所以他们花更少的时间去发现新音乐。相反，许多人只会简单地聆听他们生命中有更多空闲时间的那一段时间里人们耳熟能详的旧音乐。
Of course, those teen years weren't necessarily carefree. They're famously confusing, which is why so many TV shows and movies revolve around the high school turmoil.
当然，那些青少年并不一定无忧无虑。他们是出了名的混乱，这就是为什么这么多的电视节目和电影围绕着高中风波。
Psychology research has shown that the emotions that we experience as teens seem more intense than those that come later. And we also know that intense emotions are associated with stronger memories and preferences. Both of these might explain why the songs we listen to during this period become so memorable and beloved.
心理学研究表明，我们青少年时期所经历的情绪似乎比后来的情绪更强烈。我们也知道强烈的情绪与更强烈的记忆和偏好有关。这两个原因或许可以解释为什么我们在这段时间里所听的歌曲变得如此难忘和受人喜爱。
So, there's nothing wrong with your parents because they don't like your music. Rather, it's all part of the natural order of things.
所以，你父母不喜欢你的音乐，他们没有错。相反，这都是自然规律的一部分。
22. What does the speaker mainly discuss in this talk?
22. 演讲者在这次演讲中主要讨论什么？
23. What have studies found about most people by the time they turn 33?
23. 研究发现，大多数人在33岁时都有哪些特点？
24. What do we learn from one of the most researched laws of social psychology?
24. 我们从社会心理学研究最多的一条定律中学到了什么？
25. What might explain the fact that songs people listen to in their teen years are memorable and beloved?
25. 如何解释人们在青少年时期听的歌是值得纪念和喜爱的呢？
