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Norman Bethune: a Canadian Hero in China
诺尔曼·白求恩：一位在中国的加拿大英雄
Norman Bethune was born in Graven Hurst, Ontario, Canada in 1890.
诺尔曼·白求恩于1890年出生在加拿大安大略省的格雷文赫斯特。
His family had a long history of human service, a fact that undoubtedly shaped his life in later years.
他的家族有从事公共事业的悠久历史，这毫无疑问地影响了他以后的发展。
From the outset, as a young university student, he developed a mission, or goal in life, of compassion and commitment to helping the less fortunate to find freedom from the chains of poverty.
从一开始，他还是一个青年大学生的时候，他就立下志向，他的丛生目标就是要有一颗怜悯之心，承担起社会责任，帮助不幸的人们摆脱贫困的桎梏，获得自由。
In earnest, he developed a selflessness that dominated his whole life, but not without personal sacrifice.
他坚定不移地培养了一种无私的精神，这种精神贯穿他的一生，从不考虑个人的得失。
He was in a troubled marriage that consequently ended in divorce.
他有一次不成功的婚姻，最终以离婚收场。
Progressive medicine and humanitarian deeds became the sole purposes of his life.
他生活中的唯一目的是让医术精益求精和积极从事人道主义活动。
Understandably, his much younger wife, Frances, could not tolerate this situation.
在这种情况下，可想而知，比他年轻得多的妻子弗朗西斯是难以接受的。
From 1911 to 1912, Bethune worked as a lumberjack and teacher in a remote area of Ontario.
1911年到1912年，白求恩在安大略的一个偏远地区做一名伐木工和教师。
He taught at "Frontier College", a unique school that provided basic education to adult workers at the lumber camps.
他在“边疆学院”教书，那是一所专门为伐木营地的成年工人提供基础教育的学校。
During the First World War, he became a stretcher-bearer (helping to carry the wounded from the battlefields).
第一次大战期间，他成了一名担架手（帮助从战场上运送伤员）。
He, himself, was wounded by shrapnel (fragments of exploding shells).
他自己也被流弹（爆炸后弹壳的碎片）所伤。
He was confined, as a patient, to hospitals for months, receiving therapy and recuperating from his injuries.
作为一个病人，他不得不在医院住了几个月，接受治疗，等待伤口康复。
After the war, he completed his internship at the hospital for sick children in London, England, leading to a certificate as "A Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons".
战后，他在英国伦敦的儿童医院完成了实习医师期，领到了“皇家外科医学院会员”的资格证书。
Later, in the United States, Bethune came in contact with poverty and deprivation, but his skills as a doctor also attracted wealthy patients who were willing to pay for services usually denied to the poor.
之后，在美国，白求恩就与贫穷和落后联系在一起了，但他的医术也吸引了富有的病人，他们可以付钱来得到那些通常拒绝对穷人进行的治疗。
He began to appreciate how money was corrupting the medical system. He developed an acute concern for the unattended medical needs and suffering among the poor.
他认识到金钱是如何腐蚀医疗系统的，并开始急切地关注被人忽视的穷人中的医疗需求和苦难。
His mission was to relieve, as much as he could, the plight of the less fortunate.
他的使命就是尽其所能地使不幸的人们摆脱困境。
He was appalled at the indifference shown by governments to these conditions. It was at his time that his own health suffered a setback.
他对政府漠视这些情况感到震惊。也就在这时，他自己的健康开始恶化。
He had developed tuberculosis of the left lung and had to undergo a successful but dangerous operation.
他的左肺染上了肺结核，于是他进行了一次成功但很危险的手术。
This episode with his health had a tremendous impact on his life.
健康上出现的这一段插曲，对他的一生产生了极大的影响。
It stimulated an interest in thoracic medicine, especially the surgical aspects in this field and for a couple of years he worked at a tuberculosis hospital in the United States.
这激发了他对心胸科医学，特别是该领域的外科方面的兴趣，促使他在美国的一家肺病医院工作了几年。
Following this interval in the United States, in 1929, he began to specialize in thoracic medicine at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal.
在美国工作的这段时间之后，1929年，他开始成为蒙特利尔的皇家维多利亚医院胸科医学专家。
He also began to write in medical journals, outlining new surgical techniques. Later, he invented developed and refined surgical instruments.
他开始在医学杂志上撰写文章介绍新的外科技术。后来，他发明、研究并改进了外科仪器。
In 1935, he journeyed to the Soviet Union to attend the International Physiological Congress.
1935年，他到苏联访问，出席国际生理学大会。
The Communist Parties of Canada and the United States had made arrangements for him to go. By this time, Bethune had become a member of the Communist Party of Canada.
这次访问是加拿大共产党和美国共产党安排他去的。那时，白求恩已经是一名加拿大共产党员。
Returning to Canada, he was convinced, more than ever, that democratic societies needed to develop publicly financed health care for all of their citizens.
回到加拿大后，他更加深信民主国家需要建立针对所有公民的公共健康保障体系。
Bethune had earlier set up a free medical clinic in Montreal. His conscience dictated that he should work for this goal.
早些时候白求恩在蒙特利尔建了一所免费诊所。他的良心支配着他为这些目标而工作。
The Struggle of the Spanish Republic against Fascist aggression took him to Spain for a medical adventure and challenge.
后来，西班牙共和国反抗法西斯侵略的斗争，使他来到西班牙进行一次医学上的冒险和挑战。
In Madrid, he pioneered a mobile blood transfusion unit in the field.
在马德里，他首创了一家战地流动血站。
He collected blood, which was then transported to where it was needed for the wounded along the 600-mile battlefront.
他收集血液，然后沿600英里的前线送到伤员需要的地方。
These efforts were reported to have reduced deaths from war by up to 75%.
据报道，这些努力将战争中的死亡率减少到75%。
Thousands of people owed their lives to Dr. Bethune. His bedside manner became legendary, and it was another measure of this man.
成千上万的人感谢白求恩大夫挽救了他们的生命。他对待病人的态度也享有盛名，而这也是这个人物的另一象征。
He returned to Canada to go on a speaking tour to raise money for humanitarian efforts among the Spanish people.
他回到加拿大继续巡回演讲，为西班牙人民的人道主义需要筹集资金。
During this circuit of speaking engagements, Bethune elaborated eloquently on the desperate needs of these people.
在这次巡回演讲期间，白求恩竭尽所能，详细描述了那里的人民的迫切需要。
His ability to communicate effectively made this tour a success. His undisputed talents were attracting widespread attention.
他那卓越的交际能力使得这次巡回演讲获得成功。他勿庸置疑的才能引起了广泛注意。
Dr. Bethune became the ultimate international volunteer to help less fortunate people whatever he could.
白求恩大夫成了杰出的国际志愿者，竭尽所能帮助不幸的人民。
In the meantime, Japan was resuming its aggression against China.
与此同时，日本开始入侵中国。
The decade of the 1930's was the era of Fascist aggression throughout the world.
19世纪30年代是法西斯肆虐全世界的时期。
Bethune's knowledge of the long history of western aggression and exploitation in China made him conclude that his services were needed there.
白求恩知道西方对中国长期进行侵略和剥削的历史，这让他认定那里需要他的服务。
