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Europeans can now choose what online services, including browsers and search engines, to use for their mobile phones and computers.
欧洲人目前可以选择在他们的手机和电脑上使用哪些在线服务平台，包括浏览器和搜索引擎。
They can also choose where to download iPhone apps and how their personal online data is used.
他们还可以选择在哪里下载iPhone应用程序以及如何使用他们的个人在线数据。
They are part of changes required under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).
它们是《数字市场法案》要求的变化的一部分。
The DMA is a set of European Union laws that six large technology companies had to start following recently.
《数字市场法案》是六家大型科技公司最近不得不开始遵守的一套欧盟法律。
Those companies include Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, Google parent Alphabet, Facebook owner Meta, and TikTok owner ByteDance.
这些公司包括亚马逊、苹果、微软、谷歌母公司Alphabet、脸书所有者Meta和TikTok所有者字节跳动。
The DMA is the latest in a series of laws that Europe has passed as a world leader in controlling large tech companies.
欧洲在控制大型科技公司方面处于世界领先地位，通过了一系列法律，《数字市场法案》是其中最新的一部。
The companies have followed by changing long-held ways of doing business.
这些公司也随之改变了长期以来的经营方式。
For example, Apple will permit people to download smartphone apps outside of its App Store.
例如，苹果公司将允许人们在其应用商店之外下载智能手机应用程序。
Here's a look at how the Digital Markets Act will work:
以下是《数字市场法案》的运作方式：
Some 22 services, from operating systems to messenger apps and social media companies, fall under the DMA.
从操作系统到即时通讯应用程序和社交媒体公司，约有22项服务遵循《数字市场法案》。
They include Google services like Maps, YouTube, the Chrome browser and the Android operating system.
其中包括谷歌地图、YouTube、Chrome浏览器和安卓操作系统等服务平台。
Others are the online store Amazon's Marketplace and Apple's Safari browser and operating system iOS.
还有在线商店亚马逊的Marketplace和苹果的Safari浏览器和操作系统iOS。
Meta's social media and messaging sites Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp are included as well as Microsoft's operating system Windows and social media site LinkedIn.
Meta旗下的社交媒体和即时通讯网站脸书、Instagram和WhatsApp以及微软的操作系统Windows和社交媒体网站LinkedIn也包括在内。
The companies face the threat of large fines of up to 20 percent of their yearly worldwide income for repeated violations.
如果屡次违规，这些公司将会面临高达其全球年收入20%的巨额罚款。
That could amount to billions of dollars.
这可能会达到数十亿美元。
And they also face the threat of a breakup for major violations.
他们还面临着因重大违规行为而解体的威胁。
Zach Meyers is an assistant director at the Center for European Reform, a research organization.
扎克·迈耶斯是研究机构欧洲改革中心的助理主任。
He said, "If it works, many Western countries will probably try to follow the DMA…"
他说，“如果这项法案奏效，许多西方国家可能会尽力遵循《数字市场法案》……”
Already, countries like Japan, Britain, Mexico, South Korea, Australia, Brazil, and India are writing their own versions of DMA-like rules.
日本、英国、墨西哥、韩国、澳大利亚、巴西和印度等国已经在制定各自的类似《数字市场法案》的规定。
The aim is to prevent tech companies from having too much control over online markets.
其目的是防止科技公司对在线市场有太多的控制。
In one of the biggest changes, Apple has said it will let European iPhone users download apps outside its App Store, which comes with its devices.
最大的变化之一是，苹果公司表示，其将会允许欧洲iPhone用户在其设备附带的应用商店之外下载应用程序。
Apple has long opposed such a move.
苹果公司长期以来一直反对这样的举措。
A large part of its income comes from the 30 percent charge it demands for payments made through iOS apps.
该公司很大一部分收入来自其通过iOS应用程序收取的30%的费用。
Apple has warned that downloading apps outside of its store will come with added security risks.
苹果公司警告称，在其应用商店外下载应用程序将会有额外的安全风险。
Now, Apple is cutting those charges for developers in Europe that choose to stay with its payment-processing system.
如今，苹果公司正在为那些选择继续使用其支付处理系统的欧洲开发者降低这些费用。
But Apple is adding a 55-cent fee for each iOS app downloaded through outside app stores.
但苹果公司将会对通过外部应用商店下载的每款iOS应用额外收取55美分的费用。
Critics say that will persuade existing free apps to not use outside stores.
批评人士表示，这将会说服现有的免费应用程序不再使用外部商店。
Avery Gardiner is a director at the music company Spotify.
艾弗里·加德纳是音乐公司Spotify的董事。
She said those outside app stores will never grow because they will be missing many apps that would need to be there for people to want to use those stores.
她说，那些应用商店之外的商店数量永远不会增长，因为他们将失去许多应用程序，而这些应用程序是人们想要使用这些商店所必需的。
Users of mobile devices will have more choices online.
移动设备用户将会有更多的在线选择。
They will not be forced to use certain services like Apple's Safari browser or Google search engine.
他们将不会被强制使用某些服务，如苹果的Safari浏览器或谷歌搜索引擎。
Android users can choose which search engine to use, and iPhone users will get to choose which browser will be their main one.
安卓用户可以选择使用哪个搜索引擎，而iPhone用户将可以选择他们的主要浏览器。
Microsoft, meanwhile, will stop forcing people to use its Edge browser.
与此同时，微软将停止强迫人们使用其Edge浏览器。
Some Google search results will show up differently because the DMA bans companies from giving preference to their own services.
有些谷歌搜索结果将会以不同的方式显示，因为《数字市场法案》禁止公司优先提供自己的服务平台。
So, for example, searches for hotels will now show a list of booking sites like Expedia.
因此，例如，搜索酒店将会显示Expedia等预订网站列表。
Users can also stop companies from using their online data to target them with advertising.
用户还可以阻止公司使用他们的在线数据来定向投放广告。
The DMA also requires messaging systems to be able to work with each other.
《数字市场法案》还要求消息传递系统能够相互协作。
Meta owns two messaging apps that fall under the rules.
Meta旗下的两款即时通讯应用也得遵循这些规定。
So it is expected to come up with a proposal on how Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp users can send messages, videos, and images to each other.
因此，预计它将就飞书信和WhatsApp用户如何相互发送消息、视频和图片提出建议。
I'm Gregory Stachel.
格雷戈里·施塔赫尔为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
