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Harvard University's Claudine Gay recently became the second Ivy League president to step down under pressure from alumni, political activists and supporters of the University.
哈佛大学的克劳丁·盖伊最近成为第二位迫于校友、政治活动人士和该校支持者的压力而辞职的常春藤盟校校长。
Gay was the first Black president of Harvard and second woman to lead the university.
盖伊是哈佛大学第一位黑人校长和第二位女校长。
She started the job only six months ago.
她六个月前才开始这份工作。
Gay and two other presidents were widely criticized after making controversial comments to the U.S. Congress in December.
盖伊和另外两位校长去年12月在美国国会发表有争议的言论后受到广泛批评。
Gay, along with Sally Kornbluth of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Liz Magill of the University of Pennsylvania, were called to Washington to discuss American lawmakers' concerns about antisemitism on college campuses.
盖伊与麻省理工学院校长莎莉·科恩布鲁斯以及宾夕法尼亚大学校长利兹·马吉尔被叫到华盛顿，讨论美国立法者对大学校园反犹太主义的担忧。
Antisemitism is the hatred of Jewish people.
反犹太主义指的是对犹太人的仇恨。
The U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Education chose the presidents because their schools had "been at the center of the rise in antisemitic protests," a committee spokesperson said in a statement.
美国众议院教育委员会的一位发言人在一份声明中称，该委员会之所以选择这些学校的校长，是因为他们的学校一直“处于反犹抗议活动上升的中心。
The protests were related to the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas.
反犹抗议活动与以色列和哈马斯之间持续不断的冲突有关。
Harvard graduate Elise Stefanik of New York is part of the Republican-led committee.
来自纽约的哈佛大学毕业生埃莉斯·斯特凡尼克是共和党领导的该委员会的成员。
She asked each university leader about how their school would react to calls to kill large numbers of Jews, something described as genocide.
她询问了每一所大学的校长，他们的学校将如何应对屠杀大量犹太人（即种族灭绝）的呼吁。
Stefanik asked Magill: "Does calling for the genocide of Jews violate Penn's rules or code of conduct? Yes or no?"
斯特凡尼克问马吉尔：“呼吁对犹太人进行种族灭绝是否违反了宾夕法尼亚大学的规定或行为准则？是还是不是？”
Penn is the University of Pennsylvania, a member of the Ivy League.
Penn指的是宾夕法尼亚大学，它是常春藤盟校的成员。
She asked the same question of Gay and Kornbluth.
她问了盖伊和科恩布鲁斯同样的问题。
None of the school leaders were able to clearly say calling for the death of Jews violated school rules.
没有一位校长能够明确表示，屠杀犹太人的呼吁违反了学校规定。
The presidents were sharply criticized for their lack of clarity.
三位校长因缺乏明确性而受到严厉批评。
Within a few days, influential members of the University of Pennsylvania community pushed Magill to resign.
几天内，宾夕法尼亚大学社区中有影响力的成员敦促马吉尔辞职。
For a time, it looked as if Gay's job was safe.
有一段时间，盖伊的工作看起来很安全。
She received support from some notable professors at Harvard, including legal scholar Laurence Tribe.
她得到了哈佛大学一些著名教授的支持，其中包括法律学者劳伦斯·特赖布。
Tribe said "it is dangerous for universities to be … bullied into micromanaging their policies."
特赖布说：“胁迫大学去微观管理其政策是危险的。”
He was talking about the way some activists and politicians seemed to be pushing the universities toward their preferred result.
他指的是一些活动人士和政界人士似乎正在推动大学朝着他们所希望的结果前进。
One of those activists is Christopher Rufo.
克里斯托弗·鲁弗就是其中一名活动人士。
Rufo is a member of the leadership group that oversees New College of Florida.
鲁弗是监督新佛罗里达学院的领导小组的成员。
With the support of Governor Ron DeSantis, Rufo and others have been pushing the small college to change its curriculum.
在州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯的支持下，鲁弗和其他人一直在推动这所小型学院改变课程。
After Gay announced her resignation on January 2, Rufo wrote words of celebration on X, formerly known as Twitter.
在盖伊于1月2日宣布辞职后，鲁弗在X（前身为推特）上写下了庆祝的话。
He and other conservatives believe American higher education has too many liberal people in leadership roles.
他和其他保守派人士认为，美国高等教育中有太多自由派人士担任领导职务。
Gay's position at Harvard looked safe in December. So what changed?
去年12月，盖伊在哈佛大学的职位看起来很安全。那么，是什么改变了呢？
In the weeks following the congressional hearing, some critics charged Gay with using "duplicative language" in academic writing.
在国会听证会之后的几周里，一些批评者指控盖伊在学术作品中使用了“重复语言”。
To duplicate means to make an exact copy of something.
duplicate的意思是完全复制某物。
They also said Gay had plagiarized -- or claimed others' writing as her own.
他们还表示，盖伊抄袭了别人的作品，即声称别人的作品是她的。
The charges, however, did not come from those working in higher education.
然而，这些指控并非来自那些高等教育工作者。
They came from people like Rufo who are working to push out higher education leaders they do not agree with.
他们来自诸如鲁弗之类的人，他们正在努力驱逐他们不认同的高等教育领导人。
At first, Harvard said it did not consider Gay's work to be "intentional or reckless."
起初，哈佛大学表示，其不认为盖伊的工作是“故意或鲁莽的”。
But pressure continued.
但压力仍在继续。
Many observers believe the conservative activists felt Gay only received Harvard's presidency because she was a Black woman.
许多观察人士认为，保守派活动人士认为，盖伊之所以能担任哈佛大学校长，只是因为她是一名黑人女性。
On X, Rufo wrote that he was establishing a "plagiarism hunting fund" as a way to oust university leaders and bring attention to the "rot in the Ivy League."
鲁弗在X上写道，他正在建立一个“剽窃狩猎基金”，以此来罢免大学领导人，并引起人们对“常春藤联盟腐败”的关注。
Gay wrote a letter to the Harvard community announcing she was leaving her position "with a heavy heart."
盖伊给哈佛社区写了一封信，宣布她将“怀着沉重的心情”离开自己的职位。
She also said it was frightening to be attacked due to her race.
她还说，由于她的种族而受到攻击是很可怕的。
Gay said she would remain at Harvard as a professor.
盖伊说，她将会继续留在哈佛大学担任教授。
Academic experts who have been following the pressure campaign on Gay say the plagiarism accusations only came after it looked like she would not lose her job.
一直关注对盖伊施压的行动的学术专家表示，抄袭指控是在她看起来不会丢掉工作后才出现的。
They worry that people who do not like the leaders of major American universities will now research their academic writing in search of duplications and poor citations.
他们担心，那些不喜欢美国主要大学领导人的人现在会研究他们的学术论文，以寻找重复和引用不当的地方。
Davarian Baldwin is a historian at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut.
达维里安·鲍德温是康涅狄格州哈特福德三一学院的历史学家。
He writes about race and higher education.
他写关于种族和高等教育的文章。
Baldwin said Gay made mistakes in her writing and noted that anti-plagiarism software will make it easy for critics to find problematic writing by college leaders and professors.
鲍德温说，盖伊在她的作品中犯了错误，并指出反抄袭软件将会使批评者很容易发现大学领导人和教授的有问题的作品。
The tools are designed to help educators learn whether their students' writings are their own.
这种工具旨在帮助教育工作者了解学生的作品是否是他们自己的。
But Baldwin said the tools can be dangerous if they fall into the hands of people who want to argue that academia is full of corrupt and incompetent people.
但鲍德温表示，如果这种工具落入那些想要辩称学术界充斥着腐败和无能之人的人手中就会很危险。
Incompetent means someone lacks the ability to do something well.
Incompetent的意思是某人缺乏做好某事的能力。
Irene Mulvey is president of the American Association of University Professors.
艾琳·马尔维是美国大学教授协会主席。
She said plagiarism investigations could be "weaponized" to push out presidents.
她说，抄袭调查可能会被“武器化”，以逼迫校长辞职。
She said she is concerned that conservative activists will use the successful campaign against Gay as a method to push out other academic leaders.
她说，她担心保守派活动人士会利用这次成功的反盖伊运动把其他学术领袖排挤出去。
"For presidents to be taken down like this, it does not bode well for academic freedom," she said.
她说：“校长被这样赶下台，这对学术自由来说不是好兆头。”
I'm Dan Friedell. And I'm Gena Bennett.
丹·弗里德尔、吉娜·班尼特为您共同播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
