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An experiment involving hundreds of office workers has found that artificial intelligence (AI) tools can greatly help but also hurt worker performance.
一项涉及数百名上班族的实验发现，人工智能工具可以极大地帮助员工，但也会损害员工的工作表现。
AI tools designed to operate at human levels have greatly expanded in popularity over the past year.
在过去的一年里，旨在达到人类水平的人工智能工具的受欢迎程度大大提高。
These include OpenAI's ChatGPT, Google's Bard and Microsoft's AI-powered search engine Bing.
其中包括OpenAI的ChatGPT、谷歌的Bard和微软的人工智能搜索引擎必应。
Such tools, also known as chatbots or "generative AI," are computer-powered systems.
这类工具也被称为聊天机器人或“生成式人工智能”，是由计算机驱动的系统。
They are designed to interact smoothly with humans and perform high-level writing and creative work.
它们被设计成能与人类流畅地互动，并能执行高水平的写作和创造性工作。
In recent months, these tools have demonstrated an ability to produce high quality work.
近几个月来，这类工具已经证明了其具有生成高质量作品的能力。
This has led some technology experts to warn that generative AI systems could end up replacing workers in many industries.
这导致一些技术专家警告称，生成式人工智能系统最终可能会取代许多行业的员工。
This year, researchers at Harvard Business School and other organizations carried out an experiment.
今年，哈佛商学院和其他组织的研究人员进行了一项实验。
It aimed to test how well AI tools could help workers perform their usual duties, or tasks.
这项实验的目的是测试人工智能工具能在多大程度上帮助员工完成他们的日常职责（即任务）。
It involved more than 700 business advisors, called consultants, from Massachusetts-based Boston Consulting Group.
来自马萨诸塞州波士顿咨询集团的700多名商业顾问参与了这项实验。
Harvard Business School recently published results from the experiment in a "working paper."
哈佛商学院最近在一篇“研究报告”中公布了这项实验的结果。
The main findings suggest that AI tools like ChatGPT can greatly improve worker performance.
主要研究结果表明，诸如ChatGPT之类的人工智能工具可以极大地改善员工的工作表现。
For example, researchers found that, on average, workers who used OpenAI's latest ChatGPT 4 tool completed 12 percent more tasks than non-ChatGPT users.
例如，研究人员发现，平均而言，使用OpenAI最新的ChatGPT 4工具的员工完成的任务量比不使用ChatGPT的员工多12%。
Tasks carried out with help from the AI technology were completed 25 percent faster.
在人工智能技术的帮助下，员工完成任务的速度提高了25%。
And the team found the quality of work performed by consultants using ChatGPT 4 increased about 40 percent.
该研究小组发现，使用ChatGPT 4的顾问的工作质量提高了约40%。
Work tasks used in the study covered four main areas: creativity, analytical thinking, writing and persuasiveness.
研究中使用的工作任务主要涉及四个方面：创造力、分析性思维、写作和说服力。
The team gave examples of worker tasks in each of these areas.
该研究小组在每个方面都给出了员工任务示例。
One example for creativity was: "Propose at least 10 ideas for a new shoe targeting an underserved market or sport."
创造力的一个例子是：“面对服务水平低下的市场或运动项目，为营销一款新鞋提出至少10个主意。”
For writing, consultants were asked to "write a press release with marketing copy" for a new product.
在写作方面，该研究小组要求顾问为一款新产品“撰写一份带有营销文案的新闻稿”。
To show persuasiveness, workers were told to write a letter to employees that explained why a particular product would beat competitors.
为了表现出说服力，该研究小组要求员工写一封信，解释某种产品会击败竞争对手的原因。
Harvard Business School's Fabrizio Dell'Acqua was the paper's lead writer.
哈佛商学院的法布里齐奥·戴阿夸是该报告的主要撰稿人。
He told technology website VentureBeat he thinks the results were especially important because they showed that AI tools can help even highly educated, experienced workers.
他告诉科技网站VentureBeat，他认为这些结果特别重要，因为它们表明，人工智能工具甚至可以帮助受过高等教育、经验丰富的员工。
"The fact that we could boost the performance of these highly paid, highly skilled consultants, from top, elite MBA institutions...I would say that's really impressive," Dell'Acqua said.
戴阿夸说：“我们能够提升这些来自顶尖MBA院校的高薪、老练顾问的表现……我认为这真的令人印象深刻”。
However, the paper also noted areas where the performance of consultants using ChatGPT 4 dropped.
然而，该报告也指出了使用ChatGPT 4的顾问表现差的方面。
The researchers said this was especially true with tasks the AI tool was not good at completing.
研究人员表示，对于人工智能工具不擅长完成的任务，情况尤其如此。
Of tasks the AI was good at, the experiment showed it "significantly improved human performance," the paper said.
该报告称，实验表明，在人工智能擅长的任务中，它“显著改善了人类的表现”。
But for tasks ChatGPT 4 was not right for, "humans relied too much on the AI, and were more likely to make mistakes."
但对于ChatGPT 4不适合的任务，“如果人类过于依赖人工智能，反而更容易出错。”
The researchers reported that consultants who used AI for tasks it was not well equipped for "were 19 percent less likely to produce correct solutions compared to those without AI."
研究人员报告称，与没有使用人工智能的顾问相比，使用不太擅长那类任务的人工智能的顾问产生正确解决方案的可能性降低了19%。
The experiment also showed how consultants used the AI tool differently to improve their work.
该实验还展示了顾问如何以不同的方式使用人工智能工具来改进他们的工作。
The researchers said some workers purposely divided the tasks with some being completely carried out by the AI tool and others the workers themselves carried out completely.
研究人员表示，一些员工故意划分任务，一些任务完全由人工智能工具完成，而另一些任务则完全由员工自己完成。
Other workers chose to use AI for all tasks, while "continually interacting with the technology."
其他员工则选择使用人工智能完成所有任务的同时“不断地与技术互动”。
The team suggests one of the biggest barriers to companies effectively using AI is not knowing which tasks can be completed best with the technology.
该研究小组表示，公司有效使用人工智能的最大障碍之一是不知道哪些任务可以利用这项技术完成得最好。
Finding this out will require businesses to carry out thoughtful research and training efforts in order to find the right mix of AI and human-level work.
要找出这一点，公司需要进行深思熟虑的研究和培训，以找到人工智能和人类工作的正确组合。
I'm Bryan Lynn.
布莱恩·林恩为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
