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The many school shootings across the United States have led to demand from schools for advanced technology security systems.
美国各地发生的多起校园枪击事件导致学校对先进技术安全系统产生了需求。
A little over one year ago, a gunman killed 19 children and two teachers in Uvalde, Texas.
一年多前，一名枪手在得克萨斯州乌瓦尔德市杀害了19名儿童和2名教师。
Days later, taser maker Axon Enterprise had an idea for how to prevent such attacks.
几天后，泰瑟枪制造商Axon Enterprise想出了一个防止此类攻击的办法。
It suggested schools use "non-lethal" drones that are powered by artificial intelligence (AI).
该公司建议学校使用由人工智能驱动的“非致命性”无人机。
Many people who work at the company disagreed with the idea.
许多在该公司工作的人不同意这个主意。
The company's own AI ethics board quit in protest.
该公司自己的人工智能伦理委员会辞职以示抗议。
The event showed the growing unease about the ethics and effectiveness of security tools being marketed to American schools.
这一事件表明，人们对向美国学校推销的安全工具的道德和有效性越来越感到不安。
Schools have been able to use nearly $200 billion in new COVID-19 relief money and other government funding to purchase such tools, said Odis Johnson Jr.
小奥迪斯·约翰逊说，学校已经能够使用近2000亿美元的新一轮新冠疫情救济资金和其他政府资金来购买此类工具。
He is director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Safe and Healthy Schools in Baltimore, Maryland.
他是马里兰州巴尔的摩市约翰斯·霍普金斯大学安全与健康学校中心的主任。
More schools have more money, he said. "And there's a robust tech sector pushing these technologies."
他说，更多的学校有更多的钱。“而且有一个强大的科技行业在推动这些技术。”
Rita Bishop is the former head of the school system in Roanoke, Virginia.
丽塔·毕晓普曾是弗吉尼亚州罗阿诺克市学校系统的负责人。
She said she had to stop taking calls from companies that sell things like AI-powered surveillance cameras and weapons detectors.
她说，她不得不停止接听销售人工智能监控摄像头和武器检测器等产品的公司的电话。
For some experts and school safety officials, new tech-based tools are just one way to prevent school violence.
对于一些专家和学校安全官员来说，基于科技的新工具只是防止校园暴力的一种方式。
Dave Fraser is head of Omnilert.
戴夫·弗雷泽是Omnilert的负责人。
The company developed an AI-powered tool that connects to school surveillance cameras to detect guns.
该公司开发了一种人工智能驱动的工具，该工具可以连接到学校的监控摄像头来检测枪支。
Charles County Public Schools in Maryland decided to use Omnilert.
马里兰州查尔斯县公立学校决定使用Omnilert。
Jason Stoddard is the school system's security director.
杰森·斯托达德是学校系统的安全主管。
He said he noticed that the shooters in Uvalde and in another attack had neared the school with their guns drawn.
他说，他注意到，在乌瓦尔德枪击案和另一起袭击事件中，枪手在靠近学校时拔出了枪。
That played a part in the school system's decision to use Omnilert.
这对学校系统决定使用Omnilert起到了一定的作用。
Omnilert is one of a growing list of companies offering gun-detection technologies.
提供枪支检测技术的公司越来越多，Omnilert只是其中之一。
ZeroEyes said its gun detection technology is used in schools and other places in over 30 states.
ZeroEyes表示，其枪支检测技术已在30多个州的学校和其他地方使用。
Like Omnilert, it has human reviewers who check guns that its AI system detects.
与Omnilert一样，它也有人类审查员，他们负责检查其人工智能系统检测到的枪支。
According to the Intercept news site, more than 65 school systems have bought or tested AI gun-detection tools since 2018.
据新闻网站Intercept报道，自2018年以来，已有超过65所学校系统购买或测试了人工智能枪支检测工具。
The schools spent a total of over $45 million on the technologies.
这些学校在这些技术上总共花费了超过4500万美元。
There are serious questions, however, about the effectiveness of such tools, said Ken Trump.
然而，肯·特朗普表示，这类工具的有效性存在严重问题。
He is the president of National School Safety and Security Services, a school safety consulting group.
他是美国学校安全和安保服务的主席，这是一个学校安全咨询组织。
He said schools have become testing grounds for "very underdeveloped AI software."
他说，学校已经成为“非常不发达的人工智能软件”的试验场。
He said schools have been increasingly drawn to tech solutions without taking simple measures.
他说，学校越来越多地被技术解决方案所吸引，而没有采取简单的措施。
He said schools have not looked to measures like training teachers on how to respond to shootings, making structural improvements to buildings, and keeping doors locked.
他说，学校没有采取诸如培训教师如何应对枪击事件，对建筑物进行结构性的改进，以及锁上门之类的措施。
Surveillance tools might help quicken a school's response.
监控工具可能有助于加快学校的反应速度。
But they are unlikely to prevent shooters, said Johnson Jr. of Johns Hopkins.
约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的小约翰逊说，但他们不太可能阻止枪手。
He added that there is no research into the effectiveness of these AI technologies.
他补充说，目前还没有关于这些人工智能技术有效性的研究。
There are also ethical concerns.
此外，还有道德方面的担忧。
"Kids need to be in schools that treat them like students, instead of suspects," said Johnson Jr.
小约翰逊说：“孩子们需要待在像对待学生一样对待他们的学校，而不是像对待嫌疑犯一样”。
He and other experts worry that surveillance solutions to school violence create a hostile environment.
他和其他专家担心，针对校园暴力采取监控的解决方式会造成一个充满敌意的环境。
He said it could be especially negative for Black students and students from other overpoliced communities.
他说，这可能对黑人学生和来自其他过度监管社区的学生尤其不利。
I'm Dan Novak.
丹·诺瓦克为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
