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Lebanon is a former middle-income country, one that is neither rich nor poor.
黎巴嫩曾经是一个中等收入国家，既不富裕也不贫穷。
But its financial system collapsed in 2019.
但其金融体系在2019年崩溃。
The collapse led to a great drop in the value of the Lebanese pound.
金融体系崩溃导致黎巴嫩镑大幅贬值。
And the United Nations says that event has led four out of five Lebanese people to become poor.
联合国表示，该事件已导致五分之四的黎巴嫩人变穷。
State services have broken down.
国家服务部门已经崩溃。
Financial support to reduce the costs of goods has been removed.
降低商品成本的财政支持已被取消。
And tens of thousands of Lebanese have left the country seeking jobs in other countries.
数万黎巴嫩人已经离开黎巴嫩，到其他国家寻找工作。
It is the biggest emigration wave since the 1975-1990 civil war.
这是自1975-1990年内战以来最大规模的移民潮。
Lebanese political leaders admitted that the crisis was the result of many years of wasteful spending and corruption.
黎巴嫩政治领导人承认，这场危机是多年来挥霍开销和腐败的结果。
And the World Bank called the crisis a "deliberate depression" created by those with political and financial power.
世界银行称这场危机是那些拥有政治和金融权力的人制造的“蓄意萧条”。
Now, economists say it will deepen if politicians delay passing reforms agreed with the International Monetary Fund (or IMF) in April.
目前，经济学家表示，如果政客们推迟通过在4月份与国际货币基金组织达成的改革计划，危机将会加剧。
The passing of these reforms is required to unlock billions of dollars in aid.
要获得数十亿美元的援助资金，就必须通过这些改革计划。
However, public pressure for reform has largely passed.
然而，公众要求改革的压力基本上已经过去。
The pressure was at its highest during the 2019 protests and after the August 2020 Beirut explosion.
在2019年抗议活动期间和2020年8月贝鲁特爆炸事件之后，压力达到了最高水平。
The political parties that have ruled for much of recent history still won the greatest number of seats in May's parliamentary elections.
在近代历史的大部分时间里执政的政党仍然在5月的议会选举中赢得了最多的席位。
Mohammad Chamseddine is a policy expert at Beirut-based Information International.
穆罕默德·尚塞丁是总部设在贝鲁特的Information International的政策专家。
He said, "The Lebanese people accept and become used to all the economic, political and security conditions."
他说，“黎巴嫩人民接受并习惯了所有的经济、政治和安全环境。”
He noted that many now live on aid and the few hundred dollars their relatives working in other countries send back home each month, called remittances.
他指出，许多人现在依靠援助和他们在其他国家工作的亲戚每月寄回国内的数百美元（即汇款）生活。
The flow has increased as some 200,000 people have emigrated since 2019, he said.
他说，自2019年以来，约有20万人移居国外，人口流动有所增加。
Meanwhile, basic state functions are increasingly supported by international aid sent to prevent total state failure.
与此同时，为了防止国家全面崩溃，有越来越多的国际援助支持基本的国家职能。
The World Food Program alone supports a third of the country's 6 million people with food and money aid.
仅世界粮食计划署就为该国600万人口中的三分之一提供食物和资金援助。
Hospitals, schooling, and even security services are increasingly financially supported by international aid.
医院、学校甚至安全服务部门也得到了国际援助越来越多的财政支持。
The economy has become a two-tier system.
该国经济已经变成了一个两层系统。
Those with money are known as the "fresh dollar class."
那些有钱的人被称为“新美元阶层”。
They eat at restaurants or send their children to the best schools.
他们在餐馆吃饭或者把孩子送到最好的学校。
And those who earn in the local Lebanese pound only have enough for simple needs.
而那些赚当地黎巴嫩镑的人只够满足简单的需求。
One such Lebanese is Hussein Hamadeh.
侯赛因·哈马德就是这样一位黎巴嫩人。
The 51-year-old is unemployed and unable to support his family of four.
这位51岁的老人失业，无法养活一家四口。
His two daughters studied in the light that came through a window at their unlit one-bedroom home.
他的两个女儿在他们没有照明的一居室房子里借助透过窗户的光线学习。
Hamadeh said, "I have a very pessimistic view of the future. I take each day as it comes, there is no future for me."
哈马德说：“我对未来持非常悲观的看法。我接受到来的每一天，但我没有未来。”
A study by Gallup released last December found that some 63 percent of Lebanese said they would leave the country if they could.
盖洛普去年12月发布的一项调查发现，约63%的黎巴嫩人表示，如果可能的话，他们会离开这个国家。
I'm Gregory Stachel.
格雷戈里·施塔赫尔为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
