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Sex education in American schools has long been a highly debated subject.
长期以来，美国学校的性教育一直是一个备受争议的话题。
With abortion no longer constitutionally protected, how sex and birth control methods are taught could seriously impact young people's futures in the United States.
由于堕胎不再受到宪法的保护，如何教授性知识和避孕方法可能会严重影响美国年轻人的未来。
Additionally, without national guidelines, sex education varies widely across states and local school systems.
此外，在没有全国性指导方针的情况下，性教育在各州和地方学校系统之间差异很大。
Some states even ban the discussion of abortion, for example.
例如，一些州甚至禁止讨论堕胎。
Abortion is a medical operation that ends a pregnancy.
堕胎是一种终止妊娠的医疗手术。
More than half of abortions in the United States are done with medication.
在美国，超过一半的堕胎是通过药物完成的。
Some U.S. school systems teach what is called comprehensive sex education.
美国的一些学校系统教授所谓的全面性教育。
The Guttmacher Institute is an organization that supports abortion rights.
古特马赫研究所是一个支持堕胎权的组织。
It defines comprehensive sex education as giving students “the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values they need to determine and enjoy their sexuality—physically and emotionally, individually and in relationships.”
它将全面性教育定义为向学生提供“他们决定和享受性行为所需的知识、技能、态度和价值观——无论是身体上的还是情感上的，个人的还是关系中的。”
These programs teach students about contraceptive methods, as well as sexual and gender orientation.
这些课程向学生教授避孕方法以及性取向。
Some programs also teach students about abortion.
一些课程还向学生教授有关堕胎的知识。
However, schools in other U.S. states teach “abstinence-only” sex education.
然而，美国其他州的学校教授“禁欲型”性教育。
Abstinence is the practice of avoiding sex until marriage.
禁欲是一种在结婚前避免性行为的做法。
Abstinence-only sex education stresses that waiting to have sex until marriage is the only sure way to avoid sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy.
禁欲型性教育强调，等到结婚才发生性行为是避免性传播疾病和意外怀孕的唯一可靠方法。
Many abstinence-only programs do not teach students about contraceptives, or birth control methods, like condoms or pills.
许多禁欲型课程不教学生避孕方法，比如避孕套或避孕药。
Other sex education programs teach about contraceptives but still stress abstinence as the safest method.
其他性教育课程虽然教避孕知识，但仍然强调禁欲是最安全的方法。
The nonprofit reproductive healthcare organization Planned Parenthood says there are seven states that ban abortion.
非营利生殖健康组织“美国计划生育协会”表示，有七个州禁止堕胎。
In 12 states, abortion is legal but severely restricted.
在12个州，堕胎是合法的，但受到严格限制。
Eight other states have legalized abortion but restricted access.
其他8个州已经将堕胎合法化，但限制了堕胎权利。
Eva Goldfarb is a sex education researcher and professor of public health at Montclair State University.
伊娃·戈德法布是蒙特克莱尔州立大学的性教育研究员和公共卫生教授。
She said the states that ban or restrict abortion are usually the same ones that stress abstinence-only sex education.
她说，禁止或限制堕胎的州通常也是强调禁欲型性教育的州。
“So the same people who want to limit access to abortion are also creating a situation in which there will be more unintended pregnancies and need for abortion,” she said.
她说：“因此，那些想要限制堕胎权利的人也在制造一种情况，在这种情况下，将会有更多意外怀孕的人和堕胎需求”。
Christine Soyong Harley is the director of the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS), which supports comprehensive sex education.
克里斯汀·索扬·哈雷是美国性信息与性教育委员会的主任，该委员会支持全面性教育。
She argued that abstinence programs pressure young people to avoid sex through misinformation.
她认为，禁欲型课程迫使年轻人通过错误信息避免性行为。
Abstinence-only programs lead students “to believe that if they engage in premarital sexual activity or if they identify as non-heterosexual, they will be found worthless by society.”
禁欲型课程让学生们相信，如果他们在婚前有性行为，或者如果他们认为自己是非异性恋者，社会会认为他们一无是处。
Supporters of abstinence-based sex education however, point to some studies that support its effectiveness.
然而，禁欲型性教育的支持者指出，一些研究支持其有效性。
But research from the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2016 found that “programs promoting abstinence-only until heterosexual marriage occurs are ineffective.”
但美国儿科学会2016年的研究发现，“在异性婚姻发生之前提倡禁欲的课程是无效的。”
Ascend is a nonprofit group that supports abstinence-based sex education.
Ascend是一个支持禁欲型性教育的非营利性组织。
It says that comprehensive models make teens feel pressured to have sex.
它表示，全面性教育模式会让青少年对发生性关系感到有压力。
The group also says that teens who have sex are more likely to do poorly in school, have decreased physical and mental health, and live in poverty.
该组织还表示，发生性行为的青少年更有可能在学校表现不佳，身心健康状况下降，生活贫困。
Ascend declined to comment for this story.
Ascend拒绝就这篇报道置评。
Penny Nance is the head of Concerned Women for America.
彭妮·南斯是美国女性关怀协会的负责人。
The organization aims to “protect and promote” Christian values and conservative beliefs.
该组织的目标是“保护和推广”基督教价值观和保守信仰。
She told NPR that some sex education programs "are surrendering to the idea that teenagers will be sexually active.
她告诉全国公共广播电台，一些性教育课程“正在屈服于青少年性活跃的观点。
We, as a culture, can do better."
作为一种文化，我们可以做得更好。”
Wendy Sellers is a sex educator in Michigan who advises the state’s sex education advisory boards.
温迪·塞勒斯是密歇根州的一名性教育工作者，她在该州的性教育咨询委员会担任顾问。
The boards, made up of parents and community members, set sex education study programs for school systems.
该委员会由家长和社区成员组成，为学校系统设置性教育研究课程。
In Michigan, like in seven other states, it is against the law to talk about abortion in schools.
在密歇根州，和其他7个州一样，在学校谈论堕胎是违法的。
Sellers said that if a student asks about abortion, teachers can only give a general answer.
塞勒斯说，如果学生问有关堕胎的问题，老师只能给出一个笼统的答案。
Teachers can explain that there are limits on what they are permitted to discuss in the classroom.
教师可以解释说，他们在课堂上讨论的内容是有限制的。
“I’m a big proponent of answering every question a student asks,” Sellers added.
塞勒斯还说：“我非常支持回答学生提出的每一个问题。”
“The law has always been problematic. Clearly, it’s politically and religiously motivated to not answer questions about that topic.”
他说：“这项法律一直存在问题。显然，不回答有关这个话题的问题是出于政治和宗教动机。”
Jamie Sebring teaches health and sex education in a middle school in Iowa, where abortion is permitted to be discussed in the classroom.
杰米·塞布林在爱荷华州的一所中学教授健康和性教育课程，该州允许在课堂上讨论有关堕胎的问题。
But she said the subject is not part of the study program and is only discussed when a student asks a question about it.
但她说，这个话题不是学习计划的一部分，只有当学生提出相关问题时才会讨论这个话题。
“I don't bring it up and actively teach it … because I’ve had parents bring that up quite a bit with me,” she said.
她说：“我不会主动提起它，也不会主动教有关它的知识……因为我的父母经常跟我提起它。”
Sebring added that school officials avoid teaching the topic partly out of fear of upsetting students’ parents.
塞布林还说，学校官员避免教授这个话题，部分原因是担心惹恼学生的家长。
Now that abortion is banned in some states, women and girls that seek abortions could face legal troubles.
因为一些州禁止堕胎，寻求堕胎的妇女和女孩可能会面临法律问题。
“I think that it is even more important for people who are living in states that have abortion bans to understand the laws related to accessing abortion care,” Harley said.
哈雷说：“我认为，对于生活在禁止堕胎的州的人来说，了解有关获得堕胎护理的法律更加重要。”
Goldfarb, the Montclair State professor, said access to reliable and accurate information on sex and sexuality is more important than ever.
蒙特克莱尔州立大学的戈德法布教授说，获得有关性和性行为的可靠和准确的信息比以往任何时候都更加重要。
She pointed out that states have moved to ban discussion of LGBTQ topics in schools, like Florida’s “Don’t Say Gay” law.
她指出，各州已经采取行动，禁止在学校讨论有关性少数群体的话题，比如佛罗里达州的“不要说同性恋”法案。
Other states have introduced similar bills as well.
其他州也提出了类似的法案。
“There is an all-out assault on sex education that is much, much, much broader than just the abortion issue,” Goldfarb said.
戈德法布说：“对性教育的全面攻击远远超出了堕胎问题。”
I’m Faith Pirlo. And I’m Dan Novak.
费斯·皮尔洛、丹·诺瓦克共同为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
