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Major carmakers are looking to expand the production and sales of electric vehicles (EVs) in the coming years.
各大汽车制造商正寻求在未来几年扩大电动汽车的生产和销售。
They are also seeking new ways to reuse batteries to cut costs and protect the environment.
他们也在寻找重复使用电池的新方法，以削减成本和保护环境。
Lithium-ion batteries are used to power most EVs.
大多数电动汽车使用锂离子电池驱动。
Manufacturers guarantee their batteries for eight to 10 years.
制造商保证他们的电池可以使用8到10年。
Currently, few batteries are recycled, meaning their materials are reused.
目前，几乎没有电池被回收，即它们的材料被重复使用。
Current recycling processes are difficult and costly.
目前的回收工艺既困难，成本又高。
Among the necessary materials used to make lithium-ion batteries are lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite and manganese.
制造锂离子电池的必要材料包括锂、钴、镍、石墨和锰。
Better recycling methods could help solve problems related to the limited availability and rising costs of these materials.
更好的回收方法可以帮助解决与这些材料有限的可获得性和不断上涨的成本有关的问题。
Most recycling methods under development involve breaking the batteries down into smaller pieces.
大多数正在开发的回收方法都是将电池分解成更小的碎片。
Then, different processes are used to separate the metallic elements.
然后，采用不同的工艺来分离金属元素。
The goal is to reuse as much material as possible.
目标是尽可能多地重复使用材料。
The International Energy Agency (IEA) released a report about the development of the EV market in 2020.
国际能源机构发布了一份关于2020年电动汽车市场发展的报告。
The IEA noted that in most cases, the main elements of end-of-life EV battery systems can be repurposed, or used in a new way.
国际能源机构指出，在大多数情况下，报废的电动汽车电池系统的主要部件可以重新使用，即以新的方式使用。
In addition, the IEA said used batteries that still hold between 70 to 80 percent of their power capacity could be reused for "less demanding stationary storage."
此外，国际能源机构表示，仍能存储70%至80%电力容量的旧电池可以重复用于“要求较低的固定存储”。
This could include using old EV batteries to store power for a main electricity system, known as a grid.
这可能包括使用旧的电动汽车电池为主要电力系统（即电网）储存电力。
The report suggests recycled batteries also could be linked with systems producing electricity from wind or the sun.
该报告指出，回收的电池也可以与风能或太阳能发电系统相结合。
British researchers have experimented with methods that could fully recycle main electric battery parts such as the cathode and anode.
英国研究人员已经试验了一些方法，可以完全回收电池的阴极和阳极等主要部件。
One method uses ultrasonic waves to recycle these important elements without having to break them apart.
一种方法是利用超声波来回收这些重要元素，而不必将它们分解。
Other researchers have studied a process called hydrometallurgy.
其他研究人员研究了一种名为湿法冶金的工艺。
It uses liquids and chemicals to remove lithium and other elements from used batteries for use in new ones.
它使用液体和化学物质从旧电池中去除锂等元素，以用于新电池。
One of the main American businesses aiming to make EV battery recycling profitable is Nevada-based Redwood Materials.
旨在使电动汽车电池回收有利可图的主要美国企业之一是总部位于内华达州的红木材料公司。
The company was started in 2019 by J.B. Straubel.
该公司由杰比·斯特劳贝尔于2019年创立。
He helped launch American carmaker Tesla along with its chief Elon Musk.
他与特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克共同创立了美国汽车制造商特斯拉。
Redwood seeks to recycle the most common EV battery materials.
红木材料公司试图回收最常见的电动汽车电池材料。
The company's methods include hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, which uses high heat to separate the metals.
该公司的方法包括湿法冶金和火法冶金，后者使用高温来分离金属。
The company already holds supply contracts with American carmaker Ford and Japanese electronics manufacturer Panasonic, which produces batteries for Tesla.
该公司已经与美国汽车制造商福特和为特斯拉生产电池的日本电器制造商松下签订了供应合同。
Ford announced last September it was investing $50 million in Redwood.
去年9月，福特宣布向红木材料公司投资5000万美元。
Straubel told The Associated Press that his company is not yet profitable because it is still heavily investing in operations and technology.
斯特劳贝尔告诉美联社，他的公司目前还没有盈利，因为它仍在大量投资于运营和技术。
But he noted that the recycling processes Redwood uses are currently profitable.
但他指出，红木材料公司使用的回收工艺目前是有利可图的。
"There's really quite a hunger for these materials," Straubel said.
斯特劳贝尔说：“对这些材料的需求确实很大。”
He added that the metals used in EV batteries can be effectively recycled many times.
他还说，电动汽车电池中使用的金属可以有效地多次回收。
"We don't see any degradation in the performance of those metals.
他说：“我们没有看到这些金属的性能有任何下降。
They actually tend to get more pure as we go through additional cycles of manufacturing and refining," he said.
实际上，随着我们经过更多轮的生产和提炼，它们往往会变得更纯。”
Another company, Canada's Li-Cycle, uses hydrometallurgical methods.
另一家公司，加拿大的Li-Cycle，则采用了湿法冶金方法。
It has opened several new processing centers in recent years and has plans to launch more.
近年来，它开设了几个新的加工中心，并计划开设更多加工中心。
Li-Cycle says on its website its newest centers will have the capacity to recycle up to 10,000 tons of lithium-ion batteries per year.
Li-Cycle在其网站上表示，其最新开设的中心每年将能够回收多达1万吨锂离子电池。
American Manganese is another Canadian company using hydrometallurgical recycling methods.
美国锰业是另一家使用湿法冶金回收方法的加拿大公司。
It claims its processes can remove and recycle up to 99 percent of lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese from used EV batteries.
该公司声称，其工艺可以从旧电动汽车电池中去除和回收高达99%的锂、钴、镍和锰。
The company plans to open a "demonstration plant" in Vancouver this year that aims to process about 500 kilograms of lithium-ion battery waste every day.
该公司计划今年在温哥华开设一家“示范工厂”，目标是每天处理约500公斤锂离子电池垃圾。
I'm Bryan Lynn.
布莱恩·林恩为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
