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科学美国人60秒:气温最高时污染值也达到高峰

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  • This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。
  • You may have noticed your summertime electricity bills,
  • 你可能已经注意到夏季电费账单了,
  • when you're cranking the A–C, are more pricey than your wintertime payments.
  • 开空调以后,夏季的电费要远远多于冬季。
  • That's because air-conditioning is an electricity hog.
  • 这是因为空调是电老虎。
  • And when a whole city or region turns down the thermostat, utilities have to meet that increased demand somehow.
  • 当整个城市或地区调低恒温器温度时,电力部门必须满足以某种方式增加的需求。
  • "This is often when we turn on the oldest power plants or the dirtier power plants."
  • “通常我们会开启最老的发电厂或不太环保的发电厂。”
  • Tracey Holloway, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Wisconsin in Madison.
  • 威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校的大气科学家翠西·霍洛威说。
  • "Some of these older power plants that only run on fuel oil or run on coal only run on the hottest days."
  • “其中一些只烧燃油或煤的老发电厂只在最热的日子里启用。”
  • Using data from the EPA, Holloway and her team studied how air pollutants respond when the temperature goes up.
  • 利用美国国家环境保护局的数据,霍洛威和她的团队研究了温度上升时空气污染物的情况。
  • They found that across the eastern U.S., for every degree Celsius temperature rise,
  • 他们发现,美国东部地区气温每升高1摄氏度,
  • power plants belched out 140,000 metric tons of additional carbon dioxide.
  • 发电厂就多喷出14万吨二氧化碳。
  • And emissions of the pollutants sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides rose three and a half percent per extra degree of heat, averaged across the region.
  • 平均来说,该地气温每升高1摄氏度,二氧化硫和和氮氧化物的排放量就增加3个百分点。
  • That's especially bad, because hot summer days are the worst days to pump out more pollution.
  • 这非常糟糕,因为炎热的夏季是污染物排放最严重的时间。
  • "These hot days, when we turn on the air conditioning across the U.S.
  • “在炎热夏季,全美都打开空调时,
  • or the state also happen to be the most chemically reactive days.
  • 也是化学反应最活跃的时间。
  • Every unit of air pollution going into the air is that much more likely to form ozone."
  • 所以,排入空中的大气污染物更容易形成臭氧。”
  • And ozone itself is a potent air pollutant.
  • 臭氧本身就是一种有害的空气污染物。
  • The study is in the journal Environmental Science and Technology.
  • 这项研究结果发表在《环境科学与技术》期刊上。
  • Holloway says the answer to this summertime pollution peak may be an energy source that thrives on hot, sunny days.
  • 霍洛威说,夏季污染高峰的解决方法,可能是在炎热晴朗的夏季变得丰富的一种能源。
  • "If we could be getting solar electricity during this peak time it may offset this hot weather midday peak
  • “如果我们能在高峰期用太阳能发电,也许就能抵消这种夏季午间高峰,
  • and be a great solution for avoiding having to turn on those peaking power plants."
  • 避免启用高峰发电厂,这将是一个伟大的解决方案。”
  • In other words: why not use the sun, to keep cool.
  • 换句话说:为什么不使用太阳能来解暑呢。
  • Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
You may have noticed your summertime electricity bills, when you're cranking the AC, are more pricey than your wintertime payments. That's because air-conditioning is an electricity hog. And when a whole city or region turns down the thermostat, utilities have to meet that increased demand somehow.
"This is often when we turn on the oldest power plants or the dirtier power plants." Tracey Holloway, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. "Some of these older power plants that only run on fuel oil or run on coal only run on the hottest days."
Using data from the EPA, Holloway and her team studied how air pollutants respond when the temperature goes up. They found that across the eastern U.S., for every degree Celsius temperature rise, power plants belched out 140,000 metric tons of additional carbon dioxide. And emissions of the pollutants sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides rose three and a half percent per extra degree of heat, averaged across the region.

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That's especially bad, because hot summer days are the worst days to pump out more pollution. "These hot days, when we turn on the air conditioning across the U.S. or the state also happen to be the most chemically reactive days. Every unit of air pollution going into the air is that much more likely to form ozone." And ozone itself is a potent air pollutant. The study is in the journal Environmental Science and Technology.
Holloway says the answer to this summertime pollution peak may be an energy source that thrives on hot, sunny days. "If we could be getting solar electricity during this peak time it may offset this hot weather midday peak and be a great solution for avoiding having to turn on those peaking power plants." In other words: why not use the sun, to keep cool.
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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solution [sə'lu:ʃən]

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n. 解答,解决办法,溶解,溶液

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source [sɔ:s]

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n. 发源地,来源,原始资料

 
temperature ['tempritʃə(r)]

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n. 温度,气温,体温,发烧

 
pollution [pə'lu:ʃən]

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n. 污染,污染物

 
offset ['ɔ:fset]

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n. 抵销,支派,平版印刷,弯管,[计]偏移量

 
additional [ə'diʃənl]

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adj. 附加的,另外的

 
atmospheric [.ætməs'ferik]

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adj. 大气的,大气层的,制造气氛的

 
reactive [ri'æktiv]

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adj. 反应的,反作用的,反动的

 
pump [pʌmp]

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n. 泵,抽水机,打气筒,抽水,打气
v. 打

 
respond [ris'pɔnd]

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v. 回答,答复,反应,反响,响应
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