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What makes a worker ant perform one particular task rather than another? From the 1970s to the mid-1980s, researchers emphasized internal factors within individual ants, such as polymorphism, the presence in the nest of workers of different shapes and sizes, each suited to a particular task. Other elements then considered to have primary influence upon an ant's career were its age—it might change tasks as it got older—and its genetics. However, subsequent ant researchers have focused on external prompts for behavior. In advocating this approach, Deborah Gordon cites experiments in which intervention in a colony's makeup perturbed worker activity. By removing workers or otherwise altering the nest conditions, researchers were able to change the tasks performed by individual workers.
According to the passage, which of the following factors were considered from the 1970s to the mid-1980s to influence the division of labor among a colony's worker ants?
A.Ants'inherited traits
B.The age of the ants
C.The ants'experiences outside the nest
It can be inferred from the passage that Gordon and earlier researchers would agree with which of the following statements about worker ants?
A.Disruption of the nest can affect workers'roles.
B.Genetics predominates over other factors in determining a worker ant's role.
C.An individual worker's tasks can change during its lifetime.
The last sentence has which of the following functions in the passage?
A.It explains how the experiments performed by Gordon differed from those performed by earlier researchers.
B.It justifies the methodology of the experiments cited by Gordon.
C.It gives details showing how the experiments cited by Gordon support her position.
