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When living conditions worsen and the economy fails, people try to find reasons for their troubles.
当生活条件恶化、经济衰退时，人们会试图为自己的困境寻找原因。
This is when political extremists can become popular as they blame certain groups of people and promise that by getting rid of them societies' problems will go away.
这时，政治极端分子就会变得受欢迎，因为他们会指责某些群体，并承诺只要除掉他们，社会问题就会消失。
This can lead to the deliberate elimination of those who are different because of their race, religion, sexuality, or disability - a phenomenon known as genocide.
这可能导致故意消灭那些因种族、宗教、性取向或残疾而与众不同的人——这种现象被称为种族灭绝。
The 10 stages of genocide are a framework for understanding how crimes against humanity happen, so we can spot early warning signs and potentially prevent them.
种族灭绝的10个阶段是一个框架，可以帮助我们了解反人类罪是如何发生的，这样我们就可以发现早期预警信号并有可能防止它们发生。
Stage one is classification: Extremists divide people into separate groups based on their different characteristics.
第一阶段是分类：极端分子根据人们的不同特征将他们分成不同的群体。
This often happens to create an us-vs-them mentality or find someone to blame for social problems.
这通常是为了制造一种“我们是我们，他们是他们”的心态，或者为社会问题找借口。
The second stage is symbolization: This involves assigning symbols or names to members of the other group. The goal here is to split the society and make it clear who belongs to who.
第二阶段是符号化：这涉及为另一个群体的成员分配符号或名称。这里的目标是分裂社会，明确谁属于谁。
3rd is discrimination: The dominant group uses its power to deny others certain rights or privileges.
第三阶段是歧视：占主导地位的群体利用其权力剥夺他人的某些权利或特权。
Particular new laws may limit the freedom of the marginalized ones. Instances of bullying increase and the societal divide widens.
某些新法律可能会限制边缘群体的自由。欺凌事件增多，社会鸿沟扩大。
4th is dehumanization: the targeted group is portrayed as less than human, often compared to animals or diseases.
第四阶段是非人化：目标群体被描绘成非人类，经常被比作动物或疾病。
Stripping away the human qualities of a person makes it easier to justify violence against them.
剥夺一个人的人性使得针对他们的暴力行为更容易被正当化。
5th is organization: This stage can involve violent mobs that are tolerated by the ruling class or even the creation of state-sponsored militias.
第五阶段是组织：这一阶段可能涉及统治阶级容忍的暴力暴徒，甚至包括国家支持的民兵组织。
In some instances, perpetrators now carefully start to plan the next steps of the genocide.
在某些情况下，犯罪者现在开始仔细计划种族灭绝的下一步。
6th is polarization: Extremists now demonize the targeted group and try to fully divide society by demanding that everyone must take a side.
第六阶段是两极分化：极端分子现在将目标群体妖魔化，并试图通过要求每个人都必须站队来完全分裂社会。
Moderators who want to reduce the tensions are often identified as enemies and silenced.
想要缓解紧张局势的调解人经常被视为敌人并被噤声。
7th is preparation. The criminals now plan for mass murder. They may identify victims by name or number, find where they live and acquire weapons or build facilities to aid their efforts.
第七阶段是准备。罪犯现在计划进行大规模谋杀。他们可能通过姓名或号码识别受害者，找到他们的住所并获取武器或建造设施来协助他们的工作。
8th is persecution: Violence escalates. The targeted group is systematically subjected to harassment, displacement, or other forms of abuse. Often all of that happens under the disguise of security measures.
第八是迫害：暴力升级。目标群体会系统地遭受骚扰、流离失所或其他形式的虐待。通常所有这些都是在安全措施的幌子下发生的。
9th is extermination. The mass killing begins. The culprits view their victims as less than human, believing they are "cleansing" the world of an undesirable element, and in doing so justify the use of disproportionate violence.
第九是灭绝。大规模屠杀开始。罪犯认为受害者不是人类，认为他们正在“清除”世界上不良分子，并以此为暴力辩护。
10th is denial. Those responsible for the cruelty deny their crimes, destroy evidence, blame the victims, and attempt to rewrite history justifying their actions as necessary for the greater good.
第十是否认。那些对残酷行为负责的人否认他们的罪行，销毁证据，指责受害者，并试图改写历史，为他们的行为辩护，认为这是出于更大的利益。
This is why in the aftermath of genocide, the criminals must be made accountable and the trauma must be addressed.
这就是为什么在种族灭绝之后，必须追究罪犯的责任，必须解决创伤。
Then the survivors may heal and society can attempt to reunite. Note that the 10 stages may not occur linearly. They can happen simultaneously.
然后幸存者可能会痊愈，社会可以尝试重新团结。请注意，这10个阶段可能不是线性发生的。它们可以同时发生。
Dr. Gregory Stanton, who observed the phenomenon, suggested preventative measures to battle each stage, even though he believed that ultimately only an international intervention can stop such a disaster.
观察这一现象的Gregory Stanton博士建议采取预防措施来对抗每个阶段，尽管他认为最终只有国际干预才能阻止这样的灾难。
In Germany, Cambodia, Rwanda, and other places, help from outside often arrived too late for too many, which is why Stanton also founded Genocide Watch, a nonprofit to help prevent the next tragedy from unfolding.
在德国、柬埔寨、卢旺达和其他地方，外界的帮助往往来得太晚，这也是Stanton还成立了种族灭绝观察组织的原因，这是一个非营利组织，旨在帮助防止下一次悲剧的发生。
What do you think? Is knowledge enough to prevent genocidal events? And if not, what other measures can we take to avoid the next human catastrophe?
你怎么看？知识足以防止种族灭绝事件吗？如果不够，我们还可以采取哪些其他措施来避免下一次人类灾难？
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在下面的评论中分享你的想法！如果你觉得这有帮助，请查看我们的其他视频并订阅。
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