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Why you must not fall asleep in war? Nothing is more closely intertwined with war than extreme sleep deprivation, which can have major performance and morale-sapping effects on the rank-and-file.
为什么战争期间不能睡着？没有什么比极度睡眠不足与战争更密切相关的了，睡眠不足会对普通士兵的表现和士气产生重大影响。
It's pretty hard to remain enthusiastic on a campaign when your eyelids feel like lead blocks. You can get yourself and your buddies killed.
当你的眼皮感觉像铅块一样时，很难在战役中保持热情。你可能会让自己和伙伴丧命。
It's a truth about as old as war itself. The slumber sentry caught unawares not only gravely endangers himself but everyone around him.
这是一个和战争一样古老的事实。沉睡的哨兵措手不及，不仅会严重危及自己，还会危及周围所有人。
In the First World War, lethargic Germans on the front line often learned this the hard way when their beauty sleep was abruptly disrupted by either a thwack to the head, a stab to the chest or a grenade to the face.
在第一次世界大战中，前线昏昏欲睡的德国士兵经常会以惨痛的教训来学习这一点，例如美容觉突然被头部重击、胸部刺伤或脸上手榴弹打断。
In the dead of night, the British regularly carried out trench raids on their opposing number.
在深夜，英国人经常对敌方进行战壕突袭。
This involved crawling under German wire in the pitch black and noiselessly dispatching any heavy-limbed watchmen with a rifle butt or a club.
这需要在漆黑一片中爬过德军的铁丝网，用枪托或棍棒悄无声息地消灭所有四肢粗壮的警卫员。
Once disabled, the raiders made their way around, announcing themselves by tossing grenades and finishing off any survivors with rifle charges.
失去行动能力后，突击队员们四处逃窜，通过投掷手榴弹和用步枪炸死任何幸存者来表明自己的身份。
Hitting the sack in World War II was fraught with the same danger.
第二次世界大战中，埋伏也面临着同样的危险。
Eugene Sledge of the Pacific fame relates how one night Japanese ambushers rushed toward their camp out of nowhere. In the ensuing chaos, the intruders were slain.
因太平洋战争闻名的尤金·斯莱奇讲述了一天晚上，日本伏击者不知从哪里冲向他们的营地，在随后的混乱中，入侵者被杀。
In the darkness a lone groan sounded and someone was sent to end it with a pistol shot to the temple.
黑暗中传来一声孤独的呻吟，有人被派去用手枪射中太阳穴来结束呻吟。
However, to his horror, when morning came, Sledge realized the moaning man had been one of his own comrades, Bill.
然而，令他惊恐的是，当早晨到来时，斯莱奇意识到呻吟的人是他的战友比尔。
Bill had been accidentally executed by one of his own because his foxhole buddy Sam who was meant to be on watch had hit the hay and was unaware that his partner was out of the hole and gravely injured. It was the ultimate betrayal.
比尔被他的一个战友意外处决，因为他的战壕伙伴山姆本该在战壕里值班，但山姆却睡着了，他不知道他的伙伴已经从战壕里出来，受了重伤。这是终极背叛。
You can get executed. For Millennia, drowsy delinquents have been handed severe punishments designed to dissuade others to think twice about nodding off.
你可能会被处决。几千年来，昏昏欲睡的罪犯一直受到严厉的惩罚，目的是劝阻其他人三思而后行。
As such these reprimands aren't usually meant to teach the offender a lesson. Why? Because they're usually not alive by the end.
这些斥责通常不是为了给罪犯一个教训。因为他们通常到最后都活不下来了。
One of the first to meet out this sort of justice was the ancient Greek General Iphicrates, who famously stabbed to death, a sleeping sentinel on the spot with a spear.
第一个遭遇这种审判的人是古希腊将军伊费克拉底司（Iphicrates），他曾用长矛当场刺死了一个熟睡的哨兵。
I left him as I found him. He coolly proclaimed afterwards to his horrified men. The Romans were equally brutal, preferring blunt force to the clean sharp jabs of the spear.
我离开时和发现他时一模一样。他事后冷静地向惊恐的士兵们宣布。罗马人也同样残暴，他们更喜欢钝器，而不是用长矛干净利落地刺杀。
According to Polivias, if a soldier was discovered napping on post, he was beaten to a pulp with cudgel and stones by his colleagues and arms.
据Polivias说，如果发现一名士兵在岗位上打瞌睡，他的战友和士兵就会用棍棒和石头将他打得稀巴烂。
There was nothing like the sight of your comrades flying brains to persuade you to stay wide awake. During World War I, snoozing at the wrong time could also spell your doom.
没有什么比看到战友的脑浆四溅更能说服你保持清醒了。在第一次世界大战期间，在错误的时间打瞌睡也可能导致你的厄运。
At the Battle of Gallipoli in 1915, three soldiers from Australia were court marshal and condemned to death for the crime.
在1915年的加里波利战役中，三名来自澳大利亚的士兵被军事法庭判处死刑。
Luckily for them, this was later reduced to the more attractive prospect of 5 years in jail.
幸运的是，后来他们被减刑为更有吸引力的五年监禁。
In fact, it was common practice during the great war to commute death penalties in favor of softer punishments.
事实上，在第一次世界大战期间，将死刑改为较轻的惩罚是一种常见的做法。
One of the most popular of these, known as Field Punishment No.1, involved the strapping of the weary wrongdoer to a fixed object like a wagon for up to 2 hours a day over a period as long as 3 months.
其中最受欢迎的一种被称为Field Punishment No.1，将疲惫不堪的罪犯绑在固定物体上，比如马车，每天最多2小时，持续3个月。
These mortified miscreant were often left to contemplate their own mortality because they were sometimes placed within range of enemy shell fire.
这些羞愧的罪犯经常被留在原地思考自己的死亡，因为他们有时被置于敌人炮火的射程之内。
Others were spreadeagled and tied to wheels in public and forced to endure the jeers of the local people.
其他人则被绑在公共场所的轮子上，被迫忍受当地人的嘲笑。
In the modern US military, the maximum possible punishment for dozing off is a lot less humiliating but still ruinous with regular personnel given a dishonorable discharge forced to forfeit their pay and imprisoned for up to a year.
在现代美国军队中，打瞌睡的最高惩罚要少得多，但仍然是毁灭性的，普通人员将被不光彩地退伍，被迫没收工资，并被判处长达一年的监禁。
However, according to article 95 of the uniform code of military justice, in times of war those caught catnapping on the job can still be executed even today.
然而，根据《统一军事司法法典》第9 条，在战争时期，那些在工作中打瞌睡的人至今仍可能被处决。
You can get captured. During times of conflict, one of the most effective ways to capture an enemy combatant is not by forcing their surrender but by taking them when they're at their most defenseless.
你可能会被抓获。在冲突时期，捕获敌方战斗人员最有效的方法之一不是强迫他们投降，而是在他们最无助的时候抓获他们。
