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By now, the story of Britney Spears’s conservatorship and its eventual unraveling is well known: For years, Ms. Spears was trapped in a legal situation in which most of the money she earned went to her father, who controlled not only her finances, but things like her medication, her performance schedule and more.
到目前为止，布兰妮·斯皮尔斯的监护权及监护权最终被终止的故事已经广为人知：多年来，斯皮尔斯一直深陷一个法律困境，她赚的大部分钱都归她父亲所有，她父亲不仅控制着她的财产，还控制着她的药物、表演日程等等。
Ms. Spears’s story spurred an examination of conservatorship laws, and that may have helped prompt recent assessments of the protections — or lack thereof — available to child influencers.
斯皮尔斯的故事引发了对监护权法律的审查，这可能对最近评估儿童网络明星所享有的保护--或保护缺失--起到了促进作用。
Like their adult counterparts (and often their parents), these influencers sing, dance, cook, act and recite lines; they work with major brands, like Walmart and Staples; and they earn money through sponsored posts on their social media accounts.
这些儿童网红像成年网红(以及他们的父母)一样，他们唱歌、跳舞、做饭、表演和背诵台词，他们与沃尔玛和史泰博等大品牌合作，通过社交媒体账号上的商务软广帖子赚钱。
Yet in nearly all of the United States, these workers have no legal protections and no guarantees that they will ever see any of the money that they have earned. If this has parallels with Ms. Spears’s conservatorship, its roots stretch back nearly a century.
然而，在几乎整个美国，这些儿童劳工没有法律保护，也不能保证他们能看到自己赚到的钱。这种现象或许与斯皮尔斯的监护权案件类似，实际上其根源可以追溯到近一个世纪以前。
In 1938, a 23-year-old named Jackie Coogan, who had starred in Charlie Chaplin’s “The Kid” as a toddler, learned that his mother and his stepfather had spent the millions of dollars he had earned as a child star. He sued and won, and in response, California passed a bill in 1939, commonly referred to as the Coogan Law, to protect children in similar roles.
杰基·库根曾在查理·卓别林的《寻子遇仙记》中饰演一个小孩。1938年，23岁的库根得知，他的母亲和继父花掉了他作为童星赚来的数百万美元。库根起诉了母亲并胜诉，作为回应，加利福尼亚州在1939年通过了一项法案，通常被称为“库根法”，旨在保护情况类似的儿童。
Today, a revised version of the law requires that 15 percent of a child entertainer’s earnings go into a trust. A few other states have their own versions of California’s law, but barring one exception, these laws do not extend to children who are making their names on Instagram, TikTok, YouTube or any of the other major social media platforms.
如今，修订后的法律要求将儿童艺人收入的15%投入信托基金。其他几个州也出台了类似的法律，但有一个例外：这些法律不适用于在Instagram、TikTok、YouTube或其他主要社交媒体平台上出名的儿童。
Even if child influencers produce their own content and are not managed by their parents, they are at risk of being exploited by adults in their lives.
即使儿童网红自己创作内容，不受父母的管理，他们也面临着在生活中被成年人剥削的风险。
On popular social media websites, children under 13 cannot run their own accounts; parents have to open and manage them. And in most states children cannot open a bank account independently until they are 17.
在一些流行的社交媒体网站上，13岁以下的儿童不能运营自己的账户，这些账户必须由父母建立和管理。在大多数州，年满17岁才能在银行开独立的账户。
Now, politicians are starting to catch up, motivated in part by civic-minded teenagers who have watched as popular family vloggers like Machelle Hobson and Ruby Franke have been exposed for abusing and exploiting their children, mostly behind the scenes, but sometimes on camera.
现在，政策方面也开始追上这些变化，部分原因是受到有公民意识的青少年的推动，这些青少年看到马谢尔·霍布森和鲁比·弗兰克等人气很高的家庭博主被曝光虐待和剥削自己的孩子，这些虐待行为大多发生在幕后，但有时也会展现在镜头前。
