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The Met’s outspoken support for Ukraine — it presented “A Concert for Ukraine” last season; helped arrange a tour by the newly formed Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra; and parted ways with one of its reigning prima donnas, the Russian soprano Anna Netrebko, after she declined to distance herself from President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia — led to speculation that Russia could be behind the cyberattack.
大都会歌剧院对乌克兰毫不掩饰地表示支持——上一季它推出了“乌克兰音乐会”，帮助新成立的乌克兰自由交响乐团安排了一次巡演，与其风头正劲的首席女歌手之一、俄罗斯女高音安娜·内特雷贝科分道扬镳，因为内特雷贝科拒绝与俄罗斯总统普京保持距离——这不禁让人怀疑，俄罗斯可能是此次网络攻击的幕后黑手。
Gelb tamped down that theory, saying that the attack appeared to be the work of an organized criminal gang.
盖尔布驳斥了这一说法，称这次袭击似乎是一个有组织的犯罪团伙所为。
He said the Met had informed the F.B.I. of the attack, and that he hoped that the box office would be running as early as Wednesday.
他说，大都会已经通知了FBI，希望售票功能最早能在周三恢复。
“I can understand why there might be conjecture that Russia is behind this, given the Met’s strong condemnation of Putin and defense of Ukraine,” he said.
“鉴于大都会对普京的强烈谴责和对乌克兰的维护，我能理解为什么会有人猜测俄罗斯是幕后黑手。”他说。
“But we don’t believe Putin is masterminding cyberattacks on opera companies.
但我们不相信普京策划了针对歌剧院的网络攻击。
And if he is, that is a good reason that the Russians are losing the war.”
如果真是这样，那俄罗斯倒是有理由输掉战争了。
Gelb declined to elaborate on who was behind the attack.
盖尔布拒绝详细说明此次攻击是何方所为。
But cybersecurity experts said that, given how long it was taking the Met to get back online, the attack bore the hallmarks of an increasingly prevalent type of modern-day piracy that has targeted businesses, local governments, hospitals and even hotels.
但网络安全专家表示，考虑到大都会花了多长时间才恢复网络，这次攻击具有现代盗版日益盛行的特征，其目标是企业、地方政府、医院，甚至酒店。
The weapon? A type of software known as ransomware.
武器是什么？是一种被称为勒索软件的软件。
The crime is as simple as it is effective.
犯罪过程简单有效。
In some cases victims receive an email with a link or attachment that contains software that encrypts files on their computer and holds them hostage until they pay a ransom.
在某些情况下，受害者会收到一封带有链接或附件的电子邮件，其中包含对其计算机上的文件进行加密的软件，并将加密文件作为人质，直到支付赎金。
Ransomware has become a global scourge.
勒索软件已成为全球祸害。
A ransomware attack this fall disrupted the government of Suffolk County, on Long Island, forcing it largely offline.
今年秋天，一次勒索软件攻击扰乱了长岛萨福克县的政府网站，迫使其基本下线。
Five years ago, one of the largest ransomware attacks in recent memory left thousands of computers at companies in Europe, universities in Asia and hospitals in Britain crippled or shut down — in some cases, paralyzing hospital equipment before patients were poised to go into surgery.
五年前，最近最大的勒索软件攻击之一导致欧洲的公司、亚洲的大学和英国的医院的数千台电脑瘫痪或关闭——在某些情况下，甚至在患者准备手术之前，医院的设备就瘫痪了。
Justin Cappos, a cybersecurity expert at New York University’s department of computer science and engineering, said hackers who carry out such attacks frequently operate in Russia and Eastern Europe, and often demand a ransom in Bitcoin, a digital currency that is hard to trace.
纽约大学计算机科学与工程系的网络安全专家贾斯汀·卡波斯说，实施此类攻击的黑客经常在俄罗斯和东欧活动，并经常要求用比特币支付赎金，比特币是一种难以追踪的数字货币。
A Bitcoin payment also can’t be rescinded once it is made.
比特币一旦支付，也不能被撤销。
