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Henry died soon after making peace with his son and Richard was crowned in september 1189.
亨利国王在与儿子和好后不久去世，理查德于1189年9月加冕。
Before he even became king, Richard's dearest ambition was to embark upon a crusade to the holy land.
甚至在成为国王之前，理查德最大的野心就是踏上前往圣地的十字军东征。
The Egyptian sultan Saladin had captured Jerusalem from the Frankish crusader states in 1187.
埃及苏丹萨拉丁于1187年从法兰克十字军国家手中夺取了耶路撒冷。
And Richard wanted to reclaim it for Christianity.
理查德想要为基督教重新夺回它。
It was to be a massive pan-European effort with Richard being joined by King Philip of France, as well as the holy Roman emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
这将是一项大规模的泛欧洲努力，法国国王菲利普和神圣罗马皇帝弗雷德里克·巴巴罗萨将加入理查德的行列。
Richard raised vast sums of money through the sale of royal lands and officers as well as taxes to raise an army and equip it.
理查德通过出售皇室土地和军官以及税收筹集了大量资金，以筹集和装备军队。
But equally important was to make sure his kingdom didn't fall into chaos while he was gone.
但同样重要的是确保他的王国不会在他离开时陷入混乱。
Richard set up a regency government to run England while he was gone and named his four-year-old nephew Arthur of Brittany, the son of his late brother Jeffrey, as his heir if anything happened to him.
理查德建立了一个摄政政府，在他离开时管理英格兰，并指定他四岁的侄子亚瑟·布列塔尼，他已故兄弟杰弗里的儿子，作为他的继承人。
It's notable here that Richard took pains to ensure his brotherJohn wasn't a part of the governance of the kingdom.
这里值得注意的是，理查德煞费苦心地确保他的兄弟约翰不是王国统治的一部分。
It was obvious that he didn't trust him not to try and seize the crown for himself while he was gone.
很明显，他不相信他不会在他离开的时候不试图为自己夺取王冠。
Instead Richard tried to buy John off by giving him vast lands and extracting a promise from him not to visit England for the next three years.
相反，理查德试图收买约翰，给他大片土地，并从他那里榨取承诺，在接下来的三年里不去英国。
Richard left for the third crusade and things went reasonably well for him.
理查德去参加第三次十字军东征，事情进展得相当顺利。
He never made it to jerusalem but he captured the strategic cities of Jaffa and Accra for the crusade estates and also agreed to a peace deal with saladin that allowed christian pilgrims to visit the holy sites in jerusalem unmolested.
他从未到达耶路撒冷，但他为十字军东征地产占领了战略城市雅法和阿克拉，并同意与萨拉丁达成和平协议，允许基督教朝圣者不受骚扰地访问耶路撒冷的圣地。
At home however things were falling apart.
然而，在国内，情况正在分崩离析。
Richard's regency government collapsed into inviting between factions and John inserted himself into the mess to try and take power for himself.
理查德的摄政政府崩溃成了派系间的拉帮结派，约翰把自己卷入了混乱之中，试图为自己夺取权力。
Exactly what he promised his brother he wouldn't do.
也就是他答应他哥哥不会做的事。
Richard had made enemies from Sicily to Cyprus during his crusade and alienated his allies in France and the holy Roman empire which quickly came back to haunt him.
理查在十字军东征期间，从西西里岛到塞浦路斯都树敌无数，还疏远了他在法国和神圣罗马帝国的盟友，这些盟友很快就回来困扰他。
Philip returned home before Richard and quickly became an implacable enemy allying himself with John to sow chaos in England.
菲利普在理查德之前回到家，很快就成了一个不共戴天的敌人，他与约翰结盟，在英国制造混乱。
Richard hearing of the disaster unfolding at home left the holy land but was shipwrecked on the way.
理查德听说家里遇难，离开了圣地，但在途中遭遇了海难。
He tried to take a land route home through germany but was recognized and captured by the new holy Roman emperor who imprisoned him.
他试图通过陆路经由德国回国，但被新晋的神圣罗马帝国皇帝认出并逮捕，并将他囚禁起来。
A massive ransom was agreed to on, the crippled Richard's empire financially for years to come and Richard returned home.
双方同意了一笔巨额赎金，使理查的帝国在未来数年的财政上都陷入瘫痪，理查德也回到了家乡。
John's civil war collapsed once Richard came back to England and he was forced to grovel at his brother's feet for forgiveness.
理查德一回到英国，约翰的内战就瓦解了，他被迫向他的兄弟卑躬屈膝，以求原谅。
It was obvious that Richard heldJohn in contempt and didn't view him as a threat to his power since he forgave his 27 year old brother's actions as those of an ill-advised child.
很明显，理查德蔑视约翰，并不认为他是对他权力的威胁，因为他原谅了他27岁的哥哥的行为，认为他是一个不明智的孩子。
John was stripped of most of his lands and exiled to Normandy.
约翰被剥夺了大部分土地，被流放到诺曼底。
Richard spent the remainder of his reign campaigning in france fighting to restore the lands lost to philip while he was on crusade .
理查德在他统治的剩余时间里一直在法国为恢复菲利普在十字军东征期间失去的土地而斗争。
Richard was perhaps one of the best warrior kings, England had his .
理查德也许是最骁勇善战的国王之一，英格兰有他的。
He was a talented general and a fierce warrior gaining the epithet the Lionheart for his achievements on the battlefield.
他是一位才华横溢的将军和一名凶猛的战士，因在战场上取得的成就而获得“狮心王”的称号。
But the titular king of England spent very little time on the island itself and never got around to fulfilling his kingly duty of producing an heir to his throne.
但这位名义上的英格兰国王在岛上呆的时间很少，从来没有抽出时间来履行他的国王职责，即生一位王位继承人。
When he died in battle in 1199, his vast domains were thrown into chaos.
当他在1199年的战斗中阵亡时，他的广大领地陷入了混乱。
