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For centuries, the Ukraine has been part of what Russians call 'the Motherland.'
几个世纪以来，乌克兰一直是俄罗斯人口中的“祖国”的一部分。
'Crowds below cheering as the blue and yellow banner of independent Ukraine was hoisted.'
“当独立的乌克兰的蓝黄旗升起时，人们欢呼起来。”
I was there for Ukraine's first day of independence, their (speaking Ukrainian) or (speaking Russian) in Russian.
我在那里见证了乌克兰独立的第一天，他们的(乌克兰语)或俄语中的(俄语)。
There was an extraordinary outburst of emotion from Ukrainians and Russians, and Russian-Ukrainians, half and half, that were out on the street, and the flags being waved and the extraordinary feeling that they were giving birth to an independent nation that was rising from the ashes of a failed empire.
那时有乌克兰人、俄罗斯人和混血的俄罗斯裔乌克兰人走上街头，他们的情绪异常高涨，挥舞着旗帜，感受到一个独立的国家正在从失败的帝国废墟中崛起。
And now of course, these two peoples are at war with each other, and that's where we are today.
当然，现在，这两个民族正在相互开战，这就今天的现状。
And I think that the inability to bring this war to a close anytime in the foreseeable future is going to be driven in large part by both the shared history and how closely connected they were; leading to the war crimes Ukraine is going through right now.
我认为，在可预见的未来，这场战争无法在任何时候结束，很大程度上是因为它们之间共同的历史和密切的联系；导致了乌克兰现在正在经历的战争罪行。
This is much deeper than just, 'Let's figure out how we can get both sides to get along.'
这不仅仅是‘我们想想如何让双方和睦相处’这样简单的问题。
I'm Ian Bremmer, President of Eurasia Group, and I just wrote the book, "The Power of Crisis."
我是欧亚集团总裁伊恩·布雷默，我刚刚写了一本书，叫《危机的力量》。
So I started my Ph. D. Back in 1989.
1989年，我开始攻读博士学位。
And there's no question that if you were thinking about the world as a political scientist, you were thinking about the Soviet Union.
毫无疑问，如果你是一名政治学家，在思考世界的时候，一定会想到苏联。
In the former Soviet Union, there were 15 Soviet Socialist Republics.
在前苏联，有15个苏维埃社会主义共和国。
And they all had political and cultural and social institutions.
他们都有自己的政治、文化和社会制度。
The Soviet Union was meant to be this crucible of all of these national differences.
苏联注定要成为这些存在差异的国家的大熔炉。
I referred to this as 'Matryoshka nationalism,' the nesting dolls, where you have ethnic groups and territories that are aligned with them inside other ethnic groups and territories.
我把它叫做“套娃民族主义”，即嵌套玩偶，也就是在其他种族群体和领土内与其结盟的种族群体和领土。
So you've got the Soviet Union, and inside the Soviet Union, you have the 15 republics, then inside those republics, you have autonomous regions and autonomous areas.
当时有苏联，在苏联内部，有15个共和国，然后在这些共和国内部，还有自治区和自治地方。
And so as a consequence, even though the Russians and the Ukrainians felt very fraternal and connected, there was a different Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic to the Russian Socialist Republic.
因此，虽然俄罗斯人和乌克兰人之间有着像手足一样的亲密联系，但乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国与俄罗斯社会主义共和国是不同的。
And interestingly, when Stalin was the Commissar of Nationalities, he was very involved in not only creating a lot of these territories, but also moving people around.
有趣的是，斯大林担任民族政委时，他不仅参与创建了许多这些领土，而且还迁移了人口。
This brought Russians into these territories to ensure that if the Soviet Union ever fell apart, that there were these tripwires that would actually create massive confrontation that would help to ensure that the Soviet Union couldn't actually implode.
于是俄罗斯人进入到了这些地区，以确保如果苏联解体，这些绊网实际上会形成大规模对抗，有助于确保苏联不会真的内爆。
