评论
打印
Okay, so that makes me feel a little bit better.
好的，这让我感觉好一点。
It sounds like I’m a skeptic, not a cynic, but when you are cynical, how problematic does that become for yourself and for your organization, and how widespread a problem is it?
这听起来像是我是一个怀疑论者，而不是一个愤世嫉俗的人，但当你愤世嫉俗时，这对你自己和你的组织来说会成为多大的问题，以及这个问题有多普遍？
Cynicism turns out to be something like a psychological poison that operates on a number of different levels.
愤世嫉俗被证明是一种心理毒药，在许多不同的层面上起作用。
First, it’s really dreadful for people who experience it, so cynics, for instance, tend to suffer from more stress and depression than non-cynics.
首先，对于经历过这种情况的人来说，真的很可怕，例如，愤世嫉俗者往往比非愤世嫉俗者承受更多的压力和抑郁。
They have more cardiovascular disease.
他们有更多的心血管疾病。
They’re even more likely to die younger than non-cynics.
他们甚至比非愤世嫉俗者更有可能英年早逝。
Cynicism also contaminates our relationships.
愤世嫉俗也会污染我们的人际关系。
Cynics find it harder to trust and connect with people, to put their faith in others, and as a result, they often don’t form very strong relationships and have an easy time losing relationships through the way that they treat other people.
愤世嫉俗的人发现，他们很难与人建立信任和联系，很难相信别人，因此，他们往往不能建立非常牢固的关系，而且很容易因为他们对待别人的方式而失去关系。
Cynicism also has really damaging effects to workplaces, so there’s a lot of research now that demonstrates that when a workplace is cynical, morale suffers, people turn over more, and mental health is worse.
愤世嫉俗对工作场所也有真正的破坏性影响，所以现在有很多研究表明，当工作场所变得愤世嫉俗时，士气会受到影响，员工的离职率会更高，心理健康也会变得更糟。
That’s the kind of feel-bad side of cynicism, but it’s important to also know that cynicism doesn’t just feel bad, it also interrupts our work processes.
这就是玩世不恭让人感觉不好的一面，但重要的是要知道，玩世不恭不仅让人感觉不好，它还会干扰我们的工作过程。
For instance, it makes workplaces far less efficient.
例如，它大大降低了工作场所的效率。
There’s something that economists call transaction costs.
有一种东西被经济学家称为交易成本。
This is the money that we pay when we don’t believe in other people, for instance, to meticulously contract every interaction that we have and arbitrate disputes.
例如，当我们不信任他人时所支付的钱，来仔细地为我们的每一次互动订立合同，并仲裁纠纷。
It turns out that companies, organizations, firms that are high in cynicism tend to pay a lot more in transaction costs than those that operate on a basis of trust and connection, so cynicism is painful, hurtful to individuals, relationships, and workplaces.
事实证明，玩世不恭的公司、组织和公司往往比那些基于信任和联系运营的公司支付更多的交易成本，所以玩世不恭是痛苦的，对个人、人际关系和工作场所都是有害的。
To your second question, “How prevalent is it?,” unfortunately, the answer is that for all the damage that it does, cynicism is also really catchy, and it seems to be spreading more over the course of time.
关于你的第二个问题，“它有多普遍？不幸的是，答案是，尽管它造成了所有的损害，愤世嫉俗也真的很吸引人，而且随着时间的推移，它似乎正在传播更多。
In 1972, about 45% of Americans believed that most people can be trusted.
1972年，大约45%的美国人认为大多数人是可以信任的。
By 2018, that had dropped to 30%.
到2018年，这一比例已降至30%。
Over that same period, our faith in all sorts of institutions, from politics to workplaces and industries to education, to science itself has crumbled, so we’re trapped really, for now, at least with a type of thinking that hurts us and also is spreading rapidly.
在同一时期，我们对各种机构的信心都崩溃了，从政治到工作场所，从工业到教育，再到科学本身，所以我们真的陷入了困境，至少目前是这样，一种伤害我们的思维方式也在迅速传播。
