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Epilepsy
癫痫
Today, we will talk about a disease which is known to man for many centuries.
今天，我们将谈论一种人类已知数个世纪的疾病。
In layman terms, this disease is simply called 'fits' while in medical terminology, it is known as 'epilepsy'.
在外行术语中，这种疾病被简单地称为“癫痫病发作”，而在医学术语中，它被称为“癫痫症”。
Epilepsy is a very common problem in the world.
癫痫是世界上非常普遍的问题。
Take, for example, in Pakistan millions of people are suffering from it or maybe even more than that.
例如，在巴基斯坦，数百万人正在遭受这种疾病的痛苦，甚至可能更多。
It affects people living in rural areas as well as urban areas, men as well as women.
它影响到生活在农村和城市地区的人，无论是男人还是女人。
The disease mostly affects young people.
这种疾病主要影响年轻人。
As an estimation, 70% of people with epilepsy are young, while 30% develop epilepsy after 50 years of age.
据估计，70%的癫痫患者是年轻人，而30%的癫痫患者在50岁后发病。
Myths about Epilepsy
对癫痫的谬见
Although this term is not new for many people because they have seen others in their surroundings suffering from it.
虽然这个术语对许多人来说并不新鲜，因为他们看到周围的其他人遭受过这种疾病的折磨。
But at the same time, there are many misconceptions prevalent in the society about this disease.
但与此同时，社会上对这种疾病也存在着许多误解。
Many people think that the 'fits' are because of 'evil possession' and they then prefer seeing a 'faith healer' for this illness rather than a doctor.
许多人认为这种“发作”是因为“魔鬼附身”，他们更愿意去找“信仰治疗师”而不是医生。
Another misconception is that epilepsy is a psychological problem.
另一个误解是癫痫是一种心理问题。
People think that it is because of stress or failures in life.
人们认为这是因为生活中的压力或失败。
So, when a young person has a seizure; let's suppose a 10 years old otherwise normal looking boy or a girl, the parents get genuinely concerned.
因此，当一个年轻人癫痫发作时，让我们假设患者是一个10岁的男孩或女孩本来看起来很正常，他们的父母真的很担心。
With the misconceptions that are prevalent in society, the first fear is that of a evil possession, magic or a serious psychological issue.
对于社会上普遍存在的误解，人们首先担心的是邪恶的附身、魔法或严重的心理问题。
The other issue is that people try to hide this because they don't take it as a medical illness.
另一个问题是，人们试图隐瞒这一点，因为他们不认为这是一种医学疾病。
They don't want anyone to know that their son or daughter has epilepsy because this diagnosis has been stigmatized in society.
他们不想让任何人知道他们的儿子或女儿患有癫痫，因为这个诊断在社会上已经被污名化了。
They may fear that they won't be able to marry off their children or they may not become a part of society or even accepted within their family or schools.
他们可能担心孩子嫁不出去，或者他们可能不会成为社会的一部分，甚至不会被他们的家庭或学校所接受。
This is an example of general attitude towards epilepsy which is not only true for Pakistan but also for the developed world.
这是对癫痫普遍态度的一个例子，不仅巴基斯坦如此，发达国家也是如此。
What is Epilepsy?
什么是癫痫？
Epilepsy is a neurological illness or illness of the brain.
癫痫是一种神经疾病或大脑疾病。
The communication or information exchange between different parts of the brain occurs thorough electric currents.
大脑不同部分之间的交流或信息交换是通过电流进行的。
There are billions of wires that connect billions of neurons and make this fast and continuous communication possible.
有数十亿条电线连接着数十亿个神经元，并使这种快速而持续的通信成为可能。
If at any point in time there is a short circuit at some point then that particular part of the brain or sometimes the whole brain stops working temporarily.
如果在某个时间点出现短路，那么大脑的这一特定部分，或者是整个大脑都会暂时停止工作。
This phenomenon is called an 'epileptic fit'.
这种现象被称为“癫痫发作”。
Some of the patients may lose awareness during this time for 1 to 2 minutes.
在此期间，一些患者可能会失去意识1到2分钟。
They may not respond to the bystander’s commands.
他们可能不会听从旁观者的命令。
After the fit is over, they regain their consciousness level in the same position and start communicating normally.
在发作结束后，他们在相同的位置恢复了意识水平，并开始正常交流。
Sitting in a classroom, such patients may stop talking abruptly for a minute or so and then become normal as they were immediately once the fit is over.
坐在教室里，病人可能会突然停止说话一分钟左右，一旦发作结束，就会立即恢复正常。
Patient himself is not aware of this 1-2 minute pause which is obvious for the bystanders.
病人自己并没有意识到这种1-2分钟的停顿，对旁观者来说非常显而易见。
Such an event can be called as a minor epileptic fit.
这样的事件可以称为轻微癫痫发作。
