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And so we reached the end of the line for the third dynasty
我们到了第三王朝的终点。
If until this point, the order of the pharaohs has been a best guess scenario.
如果在此之前，法老的顺序一直是最好猜的。
We're fairly certain who the last ruler was Huni, possibly also known as Qahedjet.
我们相当确定最后一位统治者是胡尼，也可能被称为Qahedjet。
He is mentioned several times as the immediate predecessor of Sneferu, the first pharaoh of the fourth dynasty and he may have been his father.
他被多次提到作为斯尼弗鲁的直接前任法老，斯尼弗鲁是第四王朝的第一个法老，他可能是斯尼弗鲁的父亲。
As we saw earlier, it doesn't really make sense to group Huni and his son into different dynasties, but we just do as Manetho commands apparently.
正如我们之前看到的，将胡尼和他的儿子划分到不同的朝代是没有意义的，但我们显然只是按照曼涅托的指令行事。
He even gives nice symmetry in relation to Djoser as we begin and in the third dynasty with its most prolific pyramid builder.
他甚至给出了一种很好的对称性，体现在与乔塞尔的关系中，以及第三王朝和最多产的金字塔建造者之间的关系。
While Djoser was a pioneer and innovator who clearly had the most majestic pyramid in his era.
而乔塞尔是一个先锋和创新者，他显然拥有他那个时代最宏伟的金字塔。
It seems that Huni was a quantity over quality kind of guy.
胡尼似乎是个重数量轻质量的人。
Also like Djoser, he had a long reign around two and a half decades that allowed him to dedicate himself to multiple construction projects.
同样和乔塞尔一样，他有长达25年的统治，这使他能够投身于多个建设项目。
Huni broke from tradition and built multiple smaller step pyramids all over Egypt, instead of one big one at Sakqqara.
胡尼打破了传统，在埃及各地建造了多座较小的阶梯金字塔，而不是在萨卡拉建造一座大型金字塔。
However, none of them were exactly show stealers and today they mainly lion ruins.
然而，他们中没有一个人是真正的抢手货，今天他们主要是狮子的遗迹。
They puzzle historians as to their true purpose.
他们的真实目的使历史学家困惑不解。
Pyramids were built to serve as royal tombs, but since none of them fit the bill.
金字塔是作为皇室的陵墓而建造的，但它们都不符合要求。
Huni's true motivation for them remains a mystery.
胡尼的真正动机仍然是个谜。
Unfortunately for Huni, modern scholars have stripped him of his greatest achievement the Meidum Pyramid, possibly the most bizarre structure in ancient Egypt.
对胡尼来说不幸的是，现代学者剥夺了他最伟大的成就——美杜姆金字塔，这可能是古埃及最奇异的建筑。
The Meidum Pyramid was a hybrid. It started out as a step pyramid.
美杜姆金字塔是一种混合结构。它最初是一个阶梯金字塔。
But then someone thought that it would look better with smooth angled sides.
但后来有人认为光滑的棱角会更好看。
It was encased in a limestone outer layer and turned into a true pyramid, perhaps even the first true pyramid in Egypt's history.
它被石灰石外层包裹，变成了一个真正的金字塔，甚至可能是埃及历史上第一个真正的金字塔。
However, because it was a prototype, there were still some bugs to work out, so the outer layer partially collapsed.
然而，由于这是一个原型，仍有一些缺陷需要修复，所以外层部分坍塌。
It was a valuable learning experience for the Egyptians as they perfected their pyramid building techniques in the centuries that followed.
这对埃及人来说是一次宝贵的学习经验，因为他们在随后的几个世纪里完善了他们的金字塔建造技术。
And today we're left with a strange sight, half the step pyramid core exposed ,the other half encased in limestone.
今天我们看到了一个奇怪的景象, 阶梯金字塔的一半露出了,另一半被石灰石包裹着。
The Meidum Pyramid was a grand ambitious project, not just due to the innovative and complex design, but also in its size, in its finished state.
美杜姆金字塔是一个宏伟的雄心勃勃的项目，不仅因为它的创新和复杂的设计，也因为它的规模和完工状态。
It would have stood at an imposing height of 300 feet, almost 100 feet taller than Djoser's pyramid.
它高达300英尺，几乎比乔塞尔的金字塔高100英尺。
It completely dwarfed anything that came before it.
它使之前的所有金字塔都相形见绌。
So obviously, Huni would have earned some serious bragging rights if he was the one responsible for it.
所以很明显，如果胡尼是负责任的人，他会赢得一些值得炫耀的权利。
For a while, Egyptologists generally credited him with the colossal structure.
有一段时间，埃及古物学家普遍认为是他建造了这个巨大的建筑。
They didn't find his name inscribed anywhere inside the pyramid, but they found it on a few artifacts.
他们没有发现他的名字刻在金字塔里的任何地方，但他们在一些文物上发现了它。
And some nearby moustabas that plus the long reign and the lack of other suitable candidates.
还有一些附近的斜纹坟墓附有长期统治以及缺乏其他合适的候选人。
That all seemed to suggest that Huni was the likeliest culprit.
这一切似乎都表明，胡尼最有可能是组织建造者。
Alas, scholarly consensus has moved away and today people usually credit his successor Sneferu as the man behind the Meidum Pyramid.
唉，学者的共识已经消失了，今天人们通常把他的继任者斯尼弗鲁看作是中世纪金字塔背后的人。
Even so, some still think that credit should be shared and see it as perhaps a father-son project
即便如此，一些人仍然认为应该共享荣誉，并将其视为一项父子工程
where Huni built the original step pyramid as deferred decided to add the smooth outer layer.
在那里，胡尼建造了最初的阶梯金字塔，后来决定添加光滑的外层。
It is feasible although it doesn't explain why Huni was never buried there and why his name doesn't appear on any inscriptions inside it.
这是可行的，但这并不能解释为什么胡尼从未被埋葬在那里，为什么他的名字没有出现在任何碑文上。
There is the possibility that Sneferu wanted all the glory for himself and removed all mentions of his predecessor's efforts, but it seems unlikely.
有一种可能是，斯尼弗鲁想把所有的荣誉都留给自己，并删除了所有提到他前任的努力，但这似乎不太可能。
The mortary cult dedicated Huni survived for centuries after his death, indicating that he remained a popular pharaoh among the Egyptians.
胡尼死后，人们对他的祭祀仪式延续了几个世纪，这表明他仍然是埃及人心中受欢迎的法老。
And speaking of his death, it ended the 70-year period, known as the third dynasty and ushered in the fourth dynasty,the true age of the pyramids.
说到他的死，它结束了长达70年的第三王朝，迎来了第四王朝，这才是真正的金字塔时代。
This new era saw the construction of ancient marvels, unlike any that have come before or after the marbles that still stand today, which is not something that could be said about a lot of the other monuments from that time.
这个新时代见证了古代奇迹的建造，不同于至今仍屹立不倒的大理石之前或之后的任何奇迹，这与那个时代的许多其他纪念碑不同。
However, none of that might have been possible without the efforts and ambition of pharaohs like Djoser or Huni, the vision and creativity of men like Imhotep.
然而，如果没有乔塞尔或胡尼等法老的努力和雄心，没有英霍蒂普等人的远见和创造力，这一切都不可能实现。
The third dynasty walked, so the fourth one could run. And we'll get to that fourth one soon no doubt.
第三个王朝能走，所以第四个王朝就能跑。 毫无疑问，我们很快就会讲到第四个王朝。
But for now, I do hope you enjoyed today's video.
此时此刻，我希望你喜欢今天的视频。
If you did, please do hit that thumbs up button below.
如果你喜欢的话，请点击下面的大拇指按钮。
Don't forget to subscribe and thank you for watching!
不要忘记订阅我们的频道，感谢收看!
