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Investigations
调查
After you have narrowed down your focus in the history and examination by thinking of probable diseases and excluding the unlikely causes, you could advise certain investigations for the patient, if need be.
在你通过考虑可能的疾病，排除不太可能的原因，缩小你对病史和检查的关注范围后，如果需要，你可以建议患者进行某些检查。
Remember, it is good clinical practice to avoid unnecessary investigations.
不过要记住，临床实践中应该避免不必要的检查。
Common investigations in fever include: Complete blood count.
常见的发烧检查包括：全血细胞计数。
The white cell count is raised in cases of infection.
有感染时，白细胞数会升高。
Liver function tests, urine routine examination, chest X-ray.
肝功能检查，尿常规检查，胸部X光检查。
Some diseases are common in certain areas, so investigations for them could be included, e.g. PPD test for Tuberculosis and Viral Antibodies for hepatitis.
有些疾病在某些地区是常见病，因此可以包括对它们的调查，例如对肺结核的结核菌素检测和肝炎病毒抗体检测。
Cultures for urine, sputum, blood or pus may be needed in cases of bacterial infection to identify the specific pathogen.
在细菌感染的情况下，可能需要对尿、痰、血或脓液进行培养，以确定特定的病原体。
Red Flags
警示！
Although a multitude of conditions can cause fever as mentioned before, but some conditions are more serious than others and require special attention.
虽然前面提到的多种情况都可以引起发烧，但有些情况更严重，需要特别注意。
Always pay special heed to cases of fever with one of the following: 1) Neck stiffness, low GCS or acute neurological deficits.
一定要特别注意有以下情况之一的发烧病例：1）颈部僵硬、GCS低或急性神经功能缺损。
2) Severe chest pain 3) Rapid weight loss 4) Patient with toxic look 5) Respiratory distress
2）严重胸痛；3）体重迅速减轻；4）有中毒症状的患者；5）呼吸窘迫
6) History of any recent surgical procedure 7) Patient who is immuno-compromised 8) High risk behavior including drugs, and sexual promiscuity.
6）最近外科手术史；7）免疫功能受损的患者；8）高危行为，包括吸毒，性乱交。
9) History of travel to an endemic area, and 10) if no obvious cause is found for the fever within 3 weeks in the last case scenario, it becomes known as Pyrexia of unknown origin and requires extensive workup.
9）疫区旅行史；10）在最后一种情况下，如果在3周内没有发现明显的发烧原因，则称为不明原因发热，需要进行广泛的检查。
Febrile Seizures: Some children aged 6 months to 5 years may also have associated seizures with an episode of fever.
发热性癫痫：一些6个月至5岁的儿童也可能有伴有发烧的癫痫发作。
This may greatly worry the patients and their parents, but they should be reassured that febrile seizures are mostly harmless and do not damage the brain.
这可能会让患者和他们的父母非常担心，但应该让他们放心，发热性癫痫大多是无害的，不会损害大脑。
In case the febrile seizures are not being controlled, refer to pediatricians.
如果发热性惊厥没有得到控制，请咨询儿科医生。
Treatment: Definitive treatment of the fever lies in treating the underlying cause.
发烧的治疗：治疗发烧在于治本。
In most cases, it is an infection.
大多数情况下，发烧是一种感染。
So the proper anti-microbial drug should be prescribed.
因此，应该开适当的抗菌药物。
WARNING: Do not use antibiotics without proper prescription or use less than the prescribed period as this leads to antibiotic resistance, resulting in tougher infections.
警告：不要在没有正确处方的情况下使用抗生素，也不要在规定时间以外使用，因为这会导致抗生素抗药性，从而导致更严重的感染。
For symptomatic relief of fever, nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs, e.g. Ibuprofen or Paracetamol may be used.
对于发热症状的缓解，非甾体抗炎药物如可以使用布洛芬或扑热息痛。
These provide only temporary relief from fever.
这些只能暂时缓解发烧。
Please note that no medications are free from side effects and it is better to avoid taking any medication without any valid reason.
请注意，没有一种药物是没有副作用的，最好避免在无正当理由的情况下服用任何药物。
