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Hey, Psych2Goers, welcome back to another video. Let's get into it.
欢迎来到本期视频，咱们直接开始吧。
Have you experienced something traumatic in the past?
你过去经历过创伤吗？
According to a study published in the Journal of Traumatic Stress, approximately 70% of adults in the United States have, or will experience, a traumatic event in their lives.
一项发表在《创伤压力杂志》上的研究表明，大约70%的美国成年人在生活中都经历过或将要经历创伤性事件。
So it's not as rare as you may think it is.
所以它并不像你想象的那么罕见。
On the same note, people often assume that trauma only affects the mind, perhaps in the form of PTSD.
同样，人们通常认为创伤只会影响大脑，可能是以创伤后应激障碍的形式。
However, it can actually affect your physical well-being as well.
然而，创伤实际上也会影响你的身体健康。
So here are five physical signs of past trauma that most people miss.
下面是大多数人都没有注意到的经历过创伤的五个身体特征。
And before we begin, we would like to mention that this video is created for educational purposes only and is not intended to substitute a professional diagnosis.
开始之前我先提一下，该视频仅为了教育目的而制作，不是专业诊断。
If you're struggling to cope with trauma or are suffering from any mental health condition, we highly advise you to seek help from a qualified mental health professional and avoid diagnosing yourself or others.
如果你正在努力应对创伤，或正在遭受任何心理健康问题，我们强烈建议你向合格的心理健康专业人士寻求帮助，不要自己诊断或为他人诊断。
Number one, fight or flight.
第一，战或逃。
Trauma often makes you feel as though there is threat around every corner.
创伤通常会让你觉得每个角落好像都存在威胁。
In response to this feeling of being in danger, your fight or flight system may kick in.
为了回应这种危险的感觉，你的战或逃系统可能会启动。
Some physical manifestations of this fight or flight response is a sudden sense of hyper-vigilance and the feeling of being unsettled or agitated.
这种“战或逃反应”的一些生理表现是突然的高度警觉和不安的感觉。
This fear does not necessarily have to stem from possible physical violence, as it can also stem from being afraid of getting hurt or attacked emotionally or verbally, or even from needing to relive a humiliating experience.
这种恐惧不一定源于可能的身体暴力，也可能源于害怕在情感上或语言上受到伤害或攻击，甚至源于需要重温一次耻辱的经历。
However, there are various ways to treat this symptom.
不过，有很多方法可以治疗这种症状。
Mindfulness is a great tool that can help you learn to calm down whenever you're feeling overwhelmed.
当你感到不知所措时，正念是一个很好的工具，可以帮助你学会平静下来。
If you are working with a therapist, you can reach out to them about establishing a cognitive behavioral treatment.
如果你和治疗师一起努力，那么你可以联系他们建立认知行为疗法。
CBT treatment can give you the tools necessary to reinterpret your environment and assumed threats.
CBT治疗可以为你提供必要的工具来重新解释你所处的环境和假定的威胁。
Number two, chronic fatigue.
第二，慢性疲劳。
Chronic fatigue can be a by-product of different mental health issues and also from past trauma.
慢性疲劳可能是不同的心理健康问题的副产品，也可能来自过去的创伤。
Since your body is not designed to feel prolonged and high levels of stress all the time, you may end up experiencing chronic fatigue.
因为你的身体无法一直承受长时间高强度的压力，最终你可能会经历慢性疲劳。
Fight or flight is meant to happen in short bursts, not sustained periods of time.
而战或逃都是短时间内发生的。
Studies have even shown that those with PTSD are eight times likelier to develop chronic fatigue.
研究甚至表明，PTSD患者患慢性疲劳的可能性是正常人的8倍。
Luckily, there are many types of techniques you can try to help you cope with stress.
幸运的是，有很多方法可以帮助你应对压力，
The most popular method is meditation.
其中最受欢迎的就是冥想。
It may feel daunting and difficult to do at first, but there are many educational apps and online guides that may help.
刚开始的时候可能会感到气馁和困难，不过有很多教育应用程序和在线指南可能会有帮助。
Number three, chronic pain.
第三，慢性疼痛。
Sometimes traumatic events can end up causing physical pain.
有时创伤性事件会导致身体上的疼痛。
There've been countless studies about the mind-body link, showing how our emotions can affect us physically.
关于身心联系的研究数不胜数，展示了我们的情绪如何影响我们的身体。
For example, we know that physical distress can lead to mental distress and vice versa.
例如，我们知道身体上的痛苦会导致精神上的痛苦，反之亦然。
There have also been various studies analyzing trauma and chronic pain, specifically on fibromyalgia.
也有各种各样分析创伤和慢性疼痛的研究，特别是纤维肌痛症。
A study published in 2018 found that patients who experienced childhood trauma reported higher symptoms of fibromyalgia.
2018年发表的一项研究发现，经历过童年创伤的患者报告的纤维肌痛症状更高。
Other studies have also delved into the neural structure of how we perceive trauma and how it affects our pain reception.
其他研究也深入研究了我们如何感知创伤的神经结构以及创伤如何影响我们对疼痛的接受。
So if you experienced chronic pain as the result of trauma, you may want to work with your physician and therapist to address both the psychological and physiological repercussions of your trauma.
因此，如果你经历了创伤造成的慢性疼痛，你可能需要与你的医生和治疗师一起解决创伤带来的心理和生理上的影响。
Number four, GI distress.
第四，肠胃不适。
Have you experienced GI distress before, perhaps in the past, in the form of nausea or gassiness right before a big presentation?
你以前有过肠胃不适吗？以前有没有过在一个重要的演讲开始前出现恶心或胀气的症状？
Well, gastrointestinal distress is an unknown and underrated physical manifestation of past trauma.
肠胃不适是过去创伤的一种未知且被低估的生理表现。
Gastrointestinal distress as a result of trauma is more than just temporary discomfort, it can lead to intestinal problems such as inflammation, dysfunction, or irritation.
外伤导致的肠胃不适不仅仅是暂时的不适，它还会导致肠道问题，如炎症、功能障碍或刺激。
The gut houses so many necessary neuro-transmitters and is in constant communication with the brain that it's important to pay attention to any unexplained intestinal issues should they arise.
肠道储存了许多必要的神经递质，并与大脑保持着持续的沟通，因此，如果出现任何无法解释的肠道问题，一定要多多关注。
And number five, chronic headaches.
第五，慢性头痛。
Our bodies often harbor tension and stress in different places.
我们身体的不同部位经常会有紧张和压力的感觉。
The most popular place is the upper body, specifically the head and neck.
其中最容易受影响的就是上半身，特别是头和脖子。
Unless you have a condition that causes frequent headaches, you may want to consider unresolved trauma as a possible cause.
除非你患有会频繁导致头痛的疾病，否则就要考虑是不是由创伤引起的。
There are different ways to treat tension headaches, applying a hot or cold press is one way, but the best alternative for this type of chronic headaches may be to work towards resolving your trauma.
治疗紧张性头痛有不同的方法，热敷或冷敷就是其中一种，但治疗这种慢性头痛的最佳办法就是将创伤的问题解决掉。
Working with a mental health professional is highly recommended for this, as they may be able to teach you techniques to cope with stress and anxieties you're experiencing.
强烈建议找心理健康专家，他们会教你应对压力和焦虑的技巧。
One of the more recent types of treatment is called somatic experiencing.
最近有一种疗法叫做“身体体验疗法”。
It's a type of therapy focused on the mind-body connection and aims to address both physical and physiological symptoms of events like grief, trauma, anxiety, and depression.
这是一种专注于身心联系的疗法，旨在解决悲伤、创伤、焦虑和抑郁等事件的生理症状。
They treat the physical manifestations of the trauma first, and then discuss the psychological symptoms after.
他们先治疗创伤的身体表现，然后再讨论心理症状。
Have you experienced any of these signs? Let us know in the comments below.
你有过这些迹象吗？请在下方的评论区告诉我们。
