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Hi, there. My name is Emma, and in today's video, I am going to teach you some new words.
同学们好，我是Emma，今天这期视频，我们要讲几个新词。
I'm going to teach you some words that mean "good" or "advantage" and some words that mean "bad" or "disadvantage".
几个表示“好”（good）或“优势”（advantage）的词和几个表示“不好”（bad）或“劣势”（disadvantage）的词。
Now, these words are very, very important if you are planning on writing the TOEFL test, the IELTS test,
听着，这些词都是非常非常重要的，如果你计划考托福或雅思，
if you plan to go to university or college, or just for general conversation.
或者打算上大学的话，又或者哪怕只是一般的交谈。
Okay? So it's very important you learn multiple ways to talk about advantages and disadvantages.
大家记住了吗？所以，学会谈论优缺点的多种说法是非常重要的。
Okay. So let's get started.
废话不多说，我们就开始吧。
First of all, I would like to teach you some synonyms of the word "advantage". Okay?
首先，我想跟大家讲的是“advantage”的几个近义词。
And maybe, we can work on your pronunciation.
这个地方呢，我们先来纠正一下某些同学的发音。
You can repeat after me as I say each word.
我说一个单词，大家就可以跟我一起念。
So my first word here is "advantage", which most of you probably know.
我们要说的第一个单词就是“advantage”这个单词，你们应该大多都知道这个单词了吧。
It means -- similar to "good".
它的意思跟“好”差不多。
"An advantage of living in Toronto is you get to meet people from all over the word." Okay?
比如，“住在多伦多的一个advantage就是你可以结识来自世界各地的朋友。”
So it's a good thing.
这就是它的一个好处。
Similarly, a "benefit" is another good thing.
同样，“benefit”也表示“好”的意思。
It has the same meaning as the word "advantage".
它的意思和“advantage”的意思是一样的。
"A benefit of living in Toronto is you get to eat food from all over the word."
我们可以说“住在多伦多的benefit之一就是你可以吃到世界各地的美食。”
Another word we could say is "is positive aspect".
还有一个词我们也可以用，“积极的方面”（positive aspect）。
"A positive aspect of living in Toronto is you get to visit the CN tower, which is a very interesting building."
在多伦多生活一个positive aspect就是能看到CN塔，这是一座非常有趣的建筑。
"A good point about living in Toronto is we have a great transportation system."
“住在多伦多的一个good point就是我们有一个很棒的交通系统。”
For those of you who live in Toronto, you might think of that as a joke. Okay?
如果你们中间有人也住在多伦多的话，你可能会知道我是在开玩笑。
"An argument in favor of living in Toronto is the people here are very polite and friendly."
我们还可以说，“An argument in favor of 住在多伦多是这里的人都很有礼貌，也很友好。”
Okay? So these are all considered good things about living in Toronto.
大家都记住了吗？这些都是说住在多伦多的好处的。
We can use all of these words to describe the things we love about Toronto. Okay?
这些词我们都可以用来描述我们喜欢多伦多的地方。
So I want you to take a moment to think about your city or your village or your town.
希望同学们你们也能抽点时间，想想你所在的城市，你的村庄或你的城镇。
What could you say that's about it about where you live? Okay.
想想看如果换成你所住的地方，你可以怎么说。
Can you think of an advantage, a benefit, a positive aspect,
你能否想到住在你所住的地方的一个advantage，一个benefit，一个positive aspect，
a good point, an argument in favor of where you live? Okay?
一个good point或者一个in favor of那个地方的argument。
So now, let's look at some of the bad things, the disadvantages. Okay?
好的，接下来我们看几个表示不好，表示劣势disadvantages的词。
So the first word we'll use is "disadvantage".
这里我们首先用到的是“disadvantage”这个词。
Let's think about living in a city in general.
我们不妨以城市里的生活为例。
"A disadvantage of living in a city is -- maybe it's very busy."
比如“住在城市的一个劣势是--生活可能很忙。”
Maybe it's very noisy.
可能会很吵。
Okay? So these are problems with living in a city.
这些都是在城市里生活的问题。
"A drawback of living in a city" -- again, you could say it's crowded.
我们还可以说“居住在城市的drawback”（弊端）--同样可以说它很拥挤。
There's too much pollution.
污染太严重。
These are drawbacks.
这些都是drawbacks。
Some people have an objection to living in a city.
有些人反对住在城市里。
Maybe there's not enough green space; there's not enough environment living in a city.
可能是因为没有绿地面积不够大；或者说生活在城市里没有足够的自然环境。
"A negative effect of living in a city is -- maybe you feel stressed out."
我们还可以说，“生活在城市的一个negative effect（负面影响）是--也许你会感到压力很大。”
Maybe you have a lot of stress because of all the noise.
可能是各种噪音让你感觉压力很大。
"A downside of living in a city is -- maybe, you know, you're not getting fresh air because of the pollution."
还可以说，“住在城市的一个downside（负面）是——可能是因为污染，你呼吸不到新鲜空气。”
"A frequent criticism of living in a city is, again --
“居住在城市里的一个常见的criticism就是——
maybe it takes a very long time to get anywhere if you live in a very big city."
如果你住的城市很大，那你不管去哪儿都要花很长时间。”
Maybe there's a bad transportation system.
也可能是因为城市交通不发达。
So this might be a frequent criticism.
可能这就是大家经常反对住在城市的原因之一。
Now, for this word specifically, I really want to work on the pronunciation because of this "ism".
我尤其想跟大家强调一下这个词的发音，因为里面有个“ism”。
I know a lot of students from Brazil,
我知道，很多来自巴西，
a lot of students from South America, Central America, and Europe
来自南美洲、中美洲或是欧洲的学生
pronounce this a little bit differently than we do in English.
在发这个“ism”的时候跟英语里的发音不太一样。
So we would say "criticism". Okay.
我们会说成“criticism”。
Can you say that? "Criticism". Okay?
大家能发一下试试吗？“Criticism”。
So this actually almost becomes like "izum". Okay?
它的发音有点像“izum”。
So that would be a frequent criticism.
这种说法我们暂且就讲这么多。
Finally, we can also talk about "an argument against".
最后我们来看“an argument against”（反对……的论点）这种说法。
"An argument against living in the city is -- maybe you can't have farm animals."
“反对住在城市的观点是--你可能养不了家畜了。”
Maybe you love chickens and hens and pigs, but in the city, you can't have them.
可能你喜欢鸡、鸡和猪，但在城市里，这些动物你都不能养了。
Okay? So these are all disadvantages of living in a city or disadvantage words.
这边这些讲的都是生活在城市里的劣势，也就是有关劣势的各种说法。
Whereas these are all advantage words.
而这边这些都是有关优势的各种说法。
Okay. So let's do a couple of practices with you.
下面我们来简单地练习一下吧。
I want you to fill in this blank spot with one of these words.
大家从上面这些词中选一个填到下面。
Okay? So let's start with positive.
我们不妨从“positive”这个词开始。
So I want you to say this out loud.
希望大家大声地念出来。
So pick one of these.
从这些词中选。
"Blank -- of living in a city is it's exciting."
“在城市里生活的___是城市生活很精彩。”
"A good point of living in a city is it's exciting."
比如我们可以说“住在城市的一个good point是城市生活很精彩。”
"A benefit of living in a city is it's exciting." Okay?
我们还可以说“住在城市的一个benefit是城市生活很精彩。”
Now, I want you to do the same thing, but I want you to pick a negative word.
接下来，请大家依样画葫芦，选一个表示劣势的词把句子补充完整。
Okay. So pick one of these.
也就是从这边这些词里选。
Okay Let's try something different.
我们换一种说法。
"Blank -- of living in a city is it's crowded."
“住在城市里的___是城市里很拥挤。”
"Blank -- of living in a city is it's crowded."
“住在城市里的___是城市里很拥挤。”
So we can say, "A drawback of living in a city is it's crowded."
比如，我们可以说，“住在城市的一个drawback是城市里很拥挤。”
So if you are planning on taking the TOEFL, IELTS, going to university or college,
如果你正准备考托福或雅思，或准备去上大学，
or just want to improve your general English,
又或者只是想提升自己的英语水平，
try to use some of these words in your everyday conversation.
那你不妨在日常对话中把这些词都用起来。
They're excellent for writing and especially to make your vocabulary -- to expand your vocabulary.
这些词也非常适合写作，特别适合用来充实你的词汇量——扩大你的词汇量。
Instead of always using the same words,
与其总是用那几个词来表述优缺点，
it's a great idea to try to use some of these instead Okay?
大家不妨试试这些词，好吗？
So to practice these words,
要练习这些词的用法的话，
I welcome you to come and visit our website at www.engvid.com. www.engvid.com.
我诚挚地邀请大家去我们的网站www.engvid.com上练习。
All right. Until next time, take care.
好的，那我们下次课再见啦，同学们再见。
