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Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson is about the word "set".
欢迎来到英格威英语学习网。我是亚当。今天我们学习“set”这个单词。
Now, this word has many meanings and uses, and I was asked to make a lesson about this.
这个词有很多意思和用法，我要来讲一节关于它的课程。
And I know that it's in the dictionary, you can look it up, but sometimes it's easier to just hear the lesson,
我知道它就在字典里，你可以查字典，但有时只是听一节课更容易，
hear the explanations of the words, get some examples of how they're used, and you absorb it a little bit differently this way.
听一些词汇的表达，学一些它们使用的例子，这种方式学习的效果有些不一样。
So, we're going to look at the different meanings of "set".
我们来看一下set的不同意思。
Now, "set" can be a verb, it can be a noun, it can be an adjective. Okay? So, we're going to look at these.
set可以是一个动词，可以是一个名词，也可以是形容词。我们来学习这些。
And again, these are the more common uses. There are a few others that I didn't include; you can look those up if you need them.
这些是更常见的用法。还有一些这里没有的用法，如果需要的话，你可以去查字典。
So, first: "to set". Now, the thing you have to remember about "set", this is called an ambitransitive verb.
首先：“to set”。你需要知道的一个知识点是，set既是不及物动词也是及物动词。
You don't need to know that word "ambitransitive", but it means it can be a transitive or an intransitive,
你不需要知道ambitransitive这个词汇，但是它的意思是既是不及物动词也是及物动词，
meaning it can take an object or not take an object.
意思是它可以接一个宾语，或者不接宾语。
Okay? So, we can set something, we can place it somewhere, we can put it down. Right? So, if I'm going to...
我们可以说“set something”，我们可以把它放到某处，我们可以把它放下。如果我要...
If I have a vase-a vase/vase, however you want to pronounce it; both are okay-full of flowers, I want to set it on the table.
比如我有一个花瓶，怎么发音都行，两种都可以，花瓶里满是鲜花，我想把它放在桌上。
Okay? So, I can set it down on the table. Set the vase, the vase being the object. And you can...
我可以把它放在桌上。放花瓶，花瓶作宾语。你可以...
I can set the ladder, or I can set the picture over there against the wall.
我可以放下梯子，我可以把画挂在墙上。
So, I can put it in a place or a position. Sometimes it's actually used to mean "to sit". Okay? So, please set...
我可以把它放在一个地方，或者一个位置。有时它的意思是“使坐下”。
Set the baby or set the child in the chair.
让孩子坐在椅子上。
It doesn't mean, like, plop it there, it means make the child sit in the chair.
不是指扑通的坐下，指的是让孩子坐在椅子上。
It's essentially the same idea, except we use the verb "set", rather than the verb "to sit".
基本上是一个意思，只是我们使用“set”这个单词，而不是“to set”。
You can't say: "Please sit the child." You can say: "Seat the child in the chair", it means put him in the seat.
你不可以说：“please sit the child”。你可以说：“Seat the child in the chair”，意思是把他放在座位上。
Or, you could say: "Set the child in the chair", put him there. Okay? So, that's one common use of it.
或者说：“Set the child in the chair”，把他放在那里。这是一个常见的用法。
"Establish". Now, here I have "establish" and "build", they're essentially the same idea,
“Establish”。来看“Establish”和“build”，它们基本上意思一样，
but you build something physical-okay?-and you establish something not necessarily physical, more of an idea or a concept.
但是你可以建一些实物，而“establish”的不一定指的是实物，更多的是观点和概念。
So if I establish something, if I set up a fund...
如果我创建了一个东西，如果我创建了一个基金...
We often use it with the preposition "up", which makes it a phrasal verb: "Set up a fund" means establish.
我们经常把它和介词“up”连用，这让它成为一个动词短语：“set up a fund”意思是建立。
Set up a school, establish a school, or found a school, or begin a school.
建立一个学校，或者说“establish a school”，“found a school”，“begin a school”。
So, this is a very common use of the word "set", to establish something, to set it up, to begin it, to start it, etc.
这是set的一个很常见的用法，创建什么东西，“to set it up”，“to begin it”，“to start it”等等。
You can also set up something physical.
你也可以创建一些实际的东西。
For example, I'm going to be giving a performance, I want a little stage, so I set up the stage; I get it ready, I get it built, every...
比如，我要做一个表演，我想要一个舞台，所以我建造了一个舞台，我准备好了，我建好了舞台，
All the lights, everything's in place, and then I give my presentation, performance, whatever.
所有的灯光，一切都已就位，然后我开始我的演讲或者表演。
If you have... If you're going to a conference or a convention for your company, you want to...
如果你...如果你代表公司去参加一个会议，你想...
You have a little booth where you're going to present your information, you can set up your exhibit, for example.
你有一个展位，你要展示你们的信息，你可以布置展品。
Oops, sorry about that. So, "set up your exhibit" means you're building it, but you're also preparing it at the same time.
抱歉。“set up your exhibit”意思是你在创建它，但是你也在准备它。
It's the same idea. You can also "set" means to apply something to something.
同样的意思。你也可以用“set”表示将某物应用到某物上。
So, if you "set fire to the building" means you're applying fire, you're putting the fire to the building - the building goes up in flames.
如果你说“set fire to the building”，意思是你在点火，你是在把火加到建筑上——建筑在火焰中燃烧起来。
Okay? So, you can set, apply, or you can focus. You can "set your mind on something".
你可以用“set”，“apply”，或者“focus”。你可以说下定决心做某事。
And again, you notice that I'm using "set fire to", "set your mind on".
你可以发现我说的是“set fire to”，“set your mind on”。
A lot of the times, "set" is used as a phrasal verb, it's used with prepositions and they have the different meanings. So you're kind of...
很多时候，“set”和介词一起使用，用作一个短语动词，它们有不同的意思。所以...
You're kind of getting a double lesson, here; you're getting phrasals and you're getting just the general word "set" as a verb.
你相当于是上了两堂课，你既学习了动词短语，也学习了set作为动词的用法。
So, "set fire to", "set off the alarm" means you... There's smoke, it applied...
所以，“set fire to”，“set off the alarm”的意思是你...烟雾出现了，
You apply the source, the trigger to the alarm, the alarm goes off. You "set your mind on something".
你触发了警报，闹钟就响了。你下定决心做某事。
"Set" can also mean sink or decline. For example, the sun sets in the west every day, or every evening I should say.
“Set”也可以表示下沉或下降。例如，太阳每天在西方落下，或者我应该说每天晚上。
So, "set" means sink, go down. But you can also use it just to generally refer to a decline, to going down.
“set”的意思是下沉，下去。但是你也可以用它来泛指下降，下降。
Now, you can actually mix the two. You can say: "The American Empire is setting." This is not as common, but you can say that.
你可以把两者混用。你可以说：“美利坚帝国正在灭亡。”这并不常见，但你可以这么说。
It means it's in decline; it's getting lower and lower.
意思是它正在下降，越来越低。
But you can also say: "The sun is setting on the American Empire." This is just an example.
但是你也可以说:“The sun is setting on the American Empire.”这只是一个例子。
I'm not making any political statements, here, just so we understand.
我在这里没有做任何政治声明，只是让大家了解一下。
"Sun is setting on something" means it's in decline, it's weakening and losing power.
“Sun is setting on something”意思是太阳正在下降，正在减弱，正在失去力量。
Something becomes thick or hard, so for example, if you're building a building and you have concrete... So, this is a good example.
某物变厚或变硬，例如，如果你正在建造一座建筑物，你有混凝土...这是一个很好的例子。
I hope everybody knows what concrete is, it's that grey stuff that you build buildings with.
我希望大家都知道混凝土是什么，它是用来建造建筑物的灰色材料。
Once you place the concrete in its place and everything's smooth and level, then you have to wait maybe a day or maybe 36 hours for the concrete to set.
一旦你把混凝土放在它的位置，一切都是平滑和水平的，那么你可能要等一天或36个小时才能等到混凝土凝固。
"To set" means it becomes thick and hard, and doesn't move and stays in place.
“To set”的意思是，它会变厚变硬，不会移动，待在原地。
If you try to step on it too quickly, your foot will sink in.
如果你很快就踩在上面，你的脚会陷进去。
Okay? So, you have to let it set, and then you can build on top of it.
你得让它变硬，然后再在它上面建造。
You can also just think of something becoming hard. Here's a good word for you... Riga-... Sorry. "Riga mortis".
你也可以想到某件变硬的东西，这个好词分享给你，“尸僵”。
So, when a body, when a person dies, their body's still warm and soft and whatever, after a little while after all the heat starts to go away, rigamortis sets in.
当一个人死了，他的身体仍然是温暖的，柔软的，过一些时间，在所有的热量开始消失之后，尸僵就会出现。
And again, we're using a preposition. "Set in" means it takes hold. Okay? So, here, we're talking about take hold.
我们又使用了一个介词。“set in”意思是它到来了。我们来说说“take hold”。
And it's becoming hard, it's losing all its softness and heat, but something...
它变硬了，失去了所有的柔软和热度，但是...
This takes hold. It becomes permanent, it becomes... Well, becomes set. It becomes part of the thing.
它需要固定下来。变成永久固定...它变成了这个东西的一部分。
So, the concrete sets or becomes thick and hard, and it also takes hold of whatever it's being poured on.
混凝土变厚变硬。上面的东西固定下来。
So, you pour the concrete on a little area, it sets, and it sets, takes hold of the thing. Becomes permanent.
所以你把混凝土放置到一小片区域，然后它会变硬，固定了下来。永久固定。
Once the effect of something sets on the place, that's the new idea.
一旦某物对这个地方产生了影响，这就是新的理念。
So, a new manager comes to the company, he brings with him or with her a new corporate culture.
当一个新经理来到公司，他会带来一种新的企业文化。
Okay? He or she likes to do things very differently.
他或她喜欢做非常不同的事情。
At the beginning, everybody hates it, everybody's fighting against it, everybody's rebelling.
一开始，每个人都讨厌它，每个人都反对它，每个人都反抗它。
But eventually, the new habits set in. Again, we're using the "in", it sets in, it becomes permanent.
但最终，新的习惯形成了。再一次，我们使用“in”，它到来，它成为永久性的。
It takes hold of the people, it takes hold of the place. It becomes the new normal.
人们遵从它，这个地方遵从它。它成为了新的常态。
Okay? So, these are the most common verbs using "set". Now, we can also use "set" as a noun. So, for example, I like to play golf.
所以，这些是“set”作为动词最常见的用法。现在，我们还可以把“set”用作名词。例如，我喜欢打高尔夫球。
Actually, I'm not very good at it, but I like to play, and I have a golf set.
事实上，我不太擅长打高尔夫球，但我喜欢打，而且我有一套高尔夫球。
This is my bag with all the clubs in it, and it's a complete set. So, it's a collection or series of things.
这是我的包，里面有所有的球棒，它是完整的一套。它是一系列东西的集合。
Now, I also like Lego, and I like Star Wars, and I have the complete Star Wars Lego set.
我也喜欢乐高，我喜欢星球大战，我有完整的星球大战乐高套装。
So, this is basically a series. It's a collection of pieces that make up one whole group of something.
这就是一个系列。它是一个个单一的东西组成的一个整体。
Usually something, like, in a series, it has one, two, three, it has all the pieces - together, it makes the complete set.
通常在一套东西中，一个个单品组成了一个整体的一套东西。
Sometimes we talk about a group of people as a set.
有时候我们会用“a set”形容一群人。
"The intellectual set" means this is that group of people that are considered the intellectuals.
“知识分子群体”指的是被认为是知识分子的那群人。
The wealthy set. Another good expression: "the jetsetters".
“富人群体。”另外一个好表达是：“the jetsetters”。
"The jetsetters" are generally the people who fly around in jets all over the world because they're rich, and they create the trends.
“飞机族”通常是那些坐飞机环游世界的人，因为他们有钱，他们创造了潮流。
They're spending the money, they decide what is popular, what is not popular, what is trendy, what is fashionable.
他们花钱，他们决定什么是流行的，什么不是流行的，什么是时髦的，什么是时尚的。
They're the jetsetters. They go to...
他们是飞机族，他们去...
They want to have dinner, a French dinner, they fly to Paris, have dinner, fly back home to New York or wherever they are.
他们想要吃晚餐，一顿法国晚餐，他们飞到巴黎，吃晚餐，然后飞回纽约的家，或者任何他们在的地方。
Jetsetters. Now, adjectives. Have you ever watched the Olympics or any race for that matter? And they...
飞机族。现在来看形容词用法。你看过奥运会或其他类似的比赛吗？
At the beginning, everybody lines up and they say: "Ready", so everybody comes to the line.
开始的时候，每个人都要排队，他们说：“准备好了”，所以每个人都走到起跑线。
"Set", and they get into their position. "Go". Right? So, "set" means get into position. I didn't actually put that.
“set”，然后他们来到出发的位置。然后就是“go”。“set”意思是就位。这个我没有写出来。
But in essence, it means ready. Ready to do something.
实际上，它的意思就是准备，准备做某事。
Right? Okay, and you can say: -"Are you ready?" -"All set." This is another very good expression.
你可以说：“准备好了吗？”“都准备好了。”这是另外一个很好的表达。
"All set" means I'm ready. I'm ready to do whatever needs to be done. So you're going to do a test.
“all set”意思是准备好了。我准备好做任何需要做的事情。比如你要做一个测试。
Everybody sits on their tables, everybody takes out their pencils and pens, papers, and the teacher says: -"Okay, everybody ready?" -"Yeah.
每个人都坐在桌子上，每个人都拿出他们的铅笔和钢笔，纸，老师说：“好了，大家都准备好了吗？”“是的。
All set." -"Go. Start your test." Now, you can also use "all set" to mean satisfied.
都准备好了。”“开始考试。”你也可以用“all set”表达满意。
-"Can I get you anything else? Do you need a coffee? Do you need a drink?" -"No. I'm all set." It means: "I'm good.
“还需要点什么吗？你需要喝杯咖啡吗？你需要喝一杯吗？”“不用。我已经够了。”它的意思是：“我好了。”
I have everything I need. I'm satisfied. Thank you very much." It also means that...
所有需要的东西我都有了。我满意了。非常感谢。它也意味着...
Again, we're still looking at adjectives, here. It also means standard or common. So, for example, "a set expression".
我们还在说形容词的用法。它也指标准或者普遍。比如：“a set expression”。
Sometimes people ask me: "Oh, why do people say this or that in English?"
有人问我：人们为什么用英语表达这个？”
And I say: "Well, there's no real reason to." Like: "Why do people say 'all set'?" Well, it's just a set expression.
我会说：“没有真正的理由。”比如：“为什么人们说“all set”？这只是一种表达。
It doesn't have any particular meaning. That's just what people say, and they always say it the same way.
它没有什么特别的含义。这就是人们用的表达，他们经常这样使用它。
Okay? Like people say: "To kill a bird with one stone", this is an idiom.
比如人们说：“用一个石头杀一个鸟。”这是一个俚语。
So, why those particular words? Well, it's just a set idiom, it's a set expression.
为什么是这些单词呢？它只是一个俚语，一个表达。
It's already been decided, it's become common in use - that's how it stays. Unmoving. Now...
它已经被决定了，它已经在使用中变得很普遍——这就是它的存在方式。不会变。
I hope you can see that. "To be set in one's ways". If something is set, means it's not moving, it's not budging, it's not going to change.
我希望你们能看到。“因循守旧”。如果某物被固定了，意味着它没有移动，不会改变。
So, if I am set in my ways, means I have my beliefs, I have my values, you're not going to change me.
所以，如果我坚持我的方式，意味着我有我的信仰，我有我的价值观，你不会改变我。
I'm very stubborn. Okay? That's a synonym to "set in one's ways".
我很固执。好吧？这是“set in one's ways”的同义词。
Unmoving, you can't convince it, you can't persuade it to do something different.
不动摇，你不能说服它，你不能说服它做一些不同的事情。
And, lastly: fixed or something is fixed or decided on already.
最后：固定的或已经确定的。
So, for example, the annual conference is on a set date and time every year.
比如，年度会议在一个固定的时间或日期举行。
Every year, it's on December 3rd in the evening.
每年，会议都是在12月3日的晚上举行。
It's set. Excuse me. It's fixed. It's not going to be changing. So, it's a little bit different from unmoving.
这是确定的。它不会改变。所以它与“unmoving”有一些不同。
"Unmoving" means you can be convinced or persuaded; whereas "fixed" means it's decided, it's not going to change, it's always going to be the same.
“Unmoving”意味着你可以被说服；而“fixed”意味着已经决定了，它是不会变的。以后一直会是这样。
Okay? You can also... You can have a set schedule, you can have a set itinerary.
你也可以...你可以有一个固定的计划，你也有一个固定的旅行日程。
It means it's been decided, it's been planned, no more changing it.
这意味着它已经被决定了，已经计划好了，不再改变。
Okay? And, again, we're using it as an adjective to talk about something else.
我们使用它作为一个形容词来谈论一件别的事情。
So, there are the many meanings of the word "set". I know it's a little bit of a confusing word.
所以“set”有很多的意思。我知道它是一个有点令人迷惑的单词。
We have a lot of words like this in English, but you'll get to them one at a time, slowly but surely.
在英语中，我们有很多像这样的单词，但是你会一次一个地去理解它们，慢慢地，但是要确保理解。
If you need to practice these words, go to www.engvid.com. There's a quiz there.
如果你需要练习这些单词，请登录英格威英语学习网。上面有一个测验。
You can also ask me questions; I'll be very happy to help you out. Subscribe to my YouTube channel, and come back again soon. Bye.
你可以向我提问问题，我会非常愿意帮助你的。请订阅我的油管频道，欢迎再次回来，再见。
